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Fifth disease, also known as erythema infectiosum and slapped cheek syndrome, [3] is a common and contagious disease caused by infection with parvovirus B19. [4] This virus was discovered in 1975 and can cause other diseases besides fifth disease. [5] Fifth disease typically presents as a rash and is most common in children.
However, the data suggests that treatment with erythromycin can be less efficient. Intravenous penicillin G (400000–600000 IU/day) should be administered for 7 days and then a dosage of oral penicillin must be prescribed. Children should receive a much lesser dose: 20,000–50,000 IU, per kg of body weight per day.
It most commonly affects children between five and 15 years of age. [1] The signs and symptoms include a sore throat, fever, headache, swollen lymph nodes, and a characteristic rash. [1] The face is flushed and the rash is red and blanching. [5] It typically feels like sandpaper and the tongue may be red and bumpy. [1]
The last revision of 2015 suggested variable diagnostic criteria in low-risk and high-risk populations to avoid overdiagnosis in the first category and underdiagnosis in the last one. [34] Low-risk populations were defined as those with acute rheumatic fever annual incidence ≤2 per 100 000 school-aged children or all-age rheumatic heart ...
Sydenham's chorea is more common in females than males, and most cases affect children between 5 and 15 years of age. Adult onset of Sydenham's chorea is comparatively rare, and the majority of the adult cases are recurrences following childhood Sydenham's chorea (although pregnancy [2] and female hormone treatment [3] are also potential causes).
Erythema (Ancient Greek: ἐρύθημα, from Greek erythros 'red') is redness of the skin or mucous membranes, caused by hyperemia (increased blood flow) in superficial capillaries. [1] It occurs with any skin injury, infection, or inflammation .
[1] [5] [3] Erythema multiforme (EM) is generally considered a separate condition. [6] Early symptoms of SJS include fever and flu-like symptoms. [1] A few days later, the skin begins to blister and peel, forming painful raw areas. [1] Mucous membranes, such as the mouth, are also typically involved. [1]
A recurring form does exist, and in children, it is attributed to repeated infections with streptococcus. [18] Treatment should focus on the underlying cause. Symptoms can be treated with bed rest, leg elevation, compressive bandages, wet dressings, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs). [5]
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