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Ninhydrin is most commonly used to detect fingerprints in forensic cases, as the terminal amines of lysine residues in peptides and proteins sloughed off in fingerprints react with ninhydrin. [2] [3] Ninhydrin is a white solid that is soluble in ethanol and acetone. [1] Ninhydrin can be considered as the hydrate of indane-1,2,3-trione.
Baculovirus-infected insect cells [20] (Sf9, Sf21, High Five strains) or mammalian cells [21] (HeLa, HEK 293) allow production of glycosylated or membrane proteins that cannot be produced using fungal or bacterial systems.
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The chemical 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-galactoside is used in the test because N. lactamica can hydrolyze it with the production of β-galactosidase, turning the solution into a blue color. Gamma-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide is added to the solution to indicate whether the bacteria is N. meningitides, which hydrolyzes the molecule with the ...
The yeast two-hybrid and bacterial two-hybrid screen [42] investigate the interaction between artificial fusion proteins. They do not require isolation of proteins but rather use transformation to express proteins in bacteria or yeast. The cells are designed in a way that an interaction activates the transcription of a reporter gene or a ...
Protein biosynthesis (or protein synthesis) is a core biological process, occurring inside cells, balancing the loss of cellular proteins (via degradation or export) through the production of new proteins. Proteins perform a number of critical functions as enzymes, structural proteins or hormones.
Atlantic horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus. Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) is an aqueous extract of motile blood cells from the Atlantic horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus.LAL reacts with bacterial endotoxins such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which are components of the bacterial capsule, the outermost membrane of cell envelope of gram-negative bacteria.
Two-hybrid screening (originally known as yeast two-hybrid system or Y2H) is a molecular biology technique used to discover protein–protein interactions (PPIs) [1] and protein–DNA interactions [2] [3] by testing for physical interactions (such as binding) between two proteins or a single protein and a DNA molecule, respectively.