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Terrain cartography or relief mapping is the depiction of the shape of the surface of the Earth on a map, using one or more of several techniques that have been developed. Terrain or relief is an essential aspect of physical geography , and as such its portrayal presents a central problem in cartographic design , and more recently geographic ...
Land surveyors have been able to provide a high level of positional accuracy utilizing high-end GPS equipment, but GPS locations on the average smartphone are much less accurate. [31] Common datasets such as digital terrain and aerial imagery [32] are available in a wide variety of levels of quality, especially spatial precision. Paper maps ...
Example of modern equipment for surveying (Field-Map technology): GPS, laser rangefinder and field computer allows surveying as well as cartography (creation of map in real-time) and field data collection. Before EDM (Electronic Distance Measurement) laser devices, distances were measured using a variety of means.
A surveyor's shed showing equipment used for geomatics. Geomatics is defined in the ISO/TC 211 series of standards as the "discipline concerned with the collection, distribution, storage, analysis, processing, presentation of geographic data or geographic information". [1]
A medieval depiction of the Ecumene (1482, Johannes Schnitzer, engraver), constructed after the coordinates in Ptolemy's Geography and using his second map projection. The translation into Latin and dissemination of Geography in Europe, in the beginning of the 15th century, marked the rebirth of scientific cartography, after more than a millennium of stagnation.
Terrain Models, a website of the Institute of Cartography at ETH Zurich; Library of Congress: Geography and Maps - Globes and Terrain Models; Report of the Relief Map Department, G-2-C, G.H.Q., of the American Expeditionary Forces; Allan McCollum: The Topographical Model Donation Project; How to build a landscape-model by Konrad Weber
The resultant overlapping image is called an anaglyph and is a three-dimensional model of the terrain. Once the two photos are projected and the desired control points aligned the operator will then start to record the desired elevations on the terrain by "flying" a light spot along the contours.
Computer cartography (also called digital cartography) is the art, science, and technology of making and using maps with a computer. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] This technology represents a paradigm shift in how maps are produced, but is still fundamentally a subset of traditional cartography.