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A tree fork is a bifurcation in the trunk of a tree giving rise to two roughly equal diameter branches. These forks are a common feature of tree crowns. The wood grain orientation at the top of a tree fork is such that the wood's grain pattern most often interlocks to provide sufficient mechanical support.
Tree shaping (also known by several other alternative names) uses living trees and other woody plants as the medium to create structures and art. There are a few different methods [2] used by the various artists to shape their trees, which share a common heritage with other artistic horticultural and agricultural practices, such as pleaching, bonsai, espalier, and topiary, and employing some ...
Branch attachment in common ash Fraxinus excelsior L. Figure 1: Anatomical drawing of the wood grain of a branch attachment in a tree. Initially branches are mechanically attached to the trunks of trees by forming interlocking wood grain patterns at the top of the joint, within what is known as 'axillary wood' (Fig. 1). [1]
Instant tree shaping [3] [2] [15] is a widely used method. [3] It uses mature trees, perhaps 6–12 ft. (2–3.5 m) long [5] [4]: 196 and 3-4in (7.6–10 cm) in trunk diameter. [5] [4]: 172 An instantaneous form is created by bending, weaving and sometimes cutting or marking the trees into the desired shape. Then the shaping is held in place ...
Printable version; In other projects ... The crown is the spreading top of a tree including the branches and leaves, ... This pattern of growth is related to climatic ...
Centuries later, Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) noted the spiral arrangement of leaf patterns, that tree trunks gain successive rings as they age, and proposed a rule purportedly satisfied by the cross-sectional areas of tree-branches. [4] [3] In 1202, Leonardo Fibonacci introduced the Fibonacci sequence to the western world with his book ...
While branches can be nearly horizontal, vertical, or diagonal, the majority of trees have upwardly diagonal branches. A number of mathematical properties are associated with tree branchings; they are natural examples of fractal patterns in nature, and, as observed by Leonardo da Vinci , their cross-sectional areas closely follow the da Vinci ...
A horizontal espalier Free-standing espaliered fruit trees (step-over) at Standen, West Sussex.The trees are used to create a fruit border or low hedge.. Espalier (/ ɪ ˈ s p æ l ɪər / or / ɪ ˈ s p æ l i. eɪ /) is the horticultural and ancient agricultural practice of controlling woody plant growth for the production of fruit, by pruning and tying branches to a frame.