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The word "smog" was coined in the early 20th century, and is a portmanteau of the words smoke and fog [1] to refer to smoky fog due to its opacity, and odour. [2] The word was then intended to refer to what was sometimes known as pea soup fog , a familiar and serious problem in London from the 19th century to the mid-20th century, where it was ...
A research question is "a question that a research project sets out to answer". [1] Choosing a research question is an essential element of both quantitative and qualitative research . Investigation will require data collection and analysis, and the methodology for this will vary widely.
The Coleman–Liau index is a readability test designed by Meri Coleman and T. L. Liau to gauge the understandability of a text. Like the Flesch–Kincaid Grade Level, Gunning fog index, SMOG index, and Automated Readability Index, its output approximates the U.S. grade level thought necessary to comprehend the text.
Brief Answers to the Big Questions is a popular science book written by physicist Stephen Hawking, and published by Hodder & Stoughton (hardcover) and Bantam Books (paperback) on 16 October 2018. The book examines some of the universe 's greatest mysteries, and promotes the view that science is very important in helping to solve problems on ...
NO 2 also reacts with ozone to form nitrate radical NO 2 + O 3 → NO 3 + O 2. During the daytime, NO 3 is quickly photolyzed back to NO 2, but at night it can react with a second NO 2 to form dinitrogen pentoxide. NO 2 + NO 3 (+M) → N 2 O 5 (+M). N 2 O 5 reacts rapidly with liquid water (in aerosol particles or cloud drops, but not in the ...
The composition of smoke depends on the nature of the burning fuel and the conditions of combustion. Fires with high availability of oxygen burn at a high temperature and with a small amount of smoke produced; the particles are mostly composed of ash, or with large temperature differences, of condensed aerosol of water.
In linguistics, a blend—also known as a blend word, lexical blend, or portmanteau [a] —is a word formed by combining the meanings, and parts of the sounds, of two or more words together. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] English examples include smog , coined by blending smoke and fog , [ 3 ] [ 5 ] and motel , from motor ( motorist ) and hotel .
Peroxyacetyl nitrate (C 2 H 3 NO 5): formed from NO x and VOCs, like ozone. Photochemical smog: particles are formed from gaseous primary contaminants and chemicals. [95] Smog is a type of pollution that occurs in the atmosphere. Smog is caused by a huge volume of coal being burned in a certain region, resulting in a mixture of smoke and sulfur ...