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Standard Costing is a technique of Cost Accounting to compare the actual costs with standard costs (that are pre-defined) with the help of Variance Analysis. It is used to understand the variations of product costs in manufacturing. [6] Standard costing allocates fixed costs incurred in an accounting period to the goods produced during that period.
Cost of goods sold (COGS) (also cost of products sold (COPS), or cost of sales [1]) is the carrying value of goods sold during a particular period.. Costs are associated with particular goods using one of the several formulas, including specific identification, first-in first-out (FIFO), or average cost.
For longer-term analysis that considers the entire life-cycle of a product, one therefore often prefers activity-based costing or throughput accounting. [1] When we analyze CVP is where we demonstrate the point at which in a firm there will be no profit nor loss means that firm works in breakeven situation 1.
A cost estimate is the approximation of the cost of a program, project, or operation.The cost estimate is the product of the cost estimating process. The cost estimate has a single total value and may have identifiable component values.
Cost Accounting Standards (popularly known as CAS) are a set of 19 standards and rules promulgated by the United States Government for use in determining costs on negotiated procurements. CAS differs from the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) in that FAR applies to substantially all contractors, whereas CAS applied primarily to the larger ones.
Direct costs, in accounting, are costs directly accountable to a cost object (such as a particular project, facility, function, or product). [1] The equivalent nomenclature in economics is specific cost. [2]
Activity-based costing was first clearly defined in 1987 by Robert S. Kaplan and W. Bruns as a chapter in their book Accounting and Management: A Field Study Perspective. [8] They initially focused on manufacturing industry where increasing technology and productivity improvements have reduced the relative proportion of the direct costs of ...
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