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The Russian railway network in 1912. Russia was one of the major belligerents in the First World War: from August 1914 to December 1917, it fought on the Entente's side against the Central Powers. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Russian Empire was a great power in terms of its vast territory, population, and agricultural resources.
A Russian recruiting poster. Caption reads: "World on Fire; Second Patriotic War." Between 1873 and 1887, Russia was allied with Germany and Austria-Hungary in the League of the Three Emperors, and later with Germany in the 1887–1890 Reinsurance Treaty.
By the end of 1916, Russian casualties totalled nearly five million killed, wounded or captured, with major urban areas affected by food shortages and high prices. In March 1917, Tsar Nicholas ordered the military to forcibly suppress a wave of strikes in Petrograd but the troops refused to fire on the crowds. [1]
Signing of the armistice between Russia and the Central Powers on 15 December 1917. On 15 December [O.S. 2 December] 1917, an armistice was signed between the Russian Republic led by the Bolsheviks on the one side, [1] and the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Kingdom of Bulgaria, the German Empire and the Ottoman Empire—the Central Powers—on the other. [2]
The Russian military was the largest in the world consisting of 1,400,000 men. They could also mobilize up to 5 million men, but only had 4.6 million rifles to give them. Russian troops were satisfactorily supplied at the beginning of the war, there was more light artillery than France, and no less than Germany. [52] [53]
This is a timeline of Russian history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Russia and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see History of Russia. See also the list of leaders of Russia.
Before World War II, the events of 1914–1918 were generally known as the Great War or simply the World War. [1] In August 1914, the magazine The Independent wrote "This is the Great War. It names itself". [2] In October 1914, the Canadian magazine Maclean's similarly wrote, "Some wars name themselves. This is the Great War."
Battle of Tannenberg: the Russian army undergoes a heavy defeat by the Germans. [30] August 23 – September 11 Eastern: Battle of Galicia. The Russians capture Lviv. August 23 – 25 Eastern: Battle of Kraśnik, a phase of the Battle of Lemberg. The Austro-Hungarian First Army defeats the Russian Fourth Army. [31] August 24 – 26 Western ...