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Equine chorionic gonadotropin (acronym given as eCG but not to be confused with ECG) is a gonadotropic hormone produced in the chorion of pregnant mares. Previously referred to as pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin ( PMSG ), the hormone is commonly used in concert with progestogen to induce ovulation in livestock prior to artificial insemination .
If pregnancy occurs in equine, the placental hormone equine chorionic gonadotropin released by endometrial cup acts like LH and FSH and stimulates additional ovulations, although the oocytes released during these ovulations are not fertilized. The resulting accessory corpora lutea produce progesterone and keep levels of progesterone high during ...
Thus, a cycle may be short, totaling approximately 3 weeks. [21] Horses mate in spring and summer; autumn is a transition time, and anestrus occurs during winter. A feature of the fertility cycle of horses and other large herd animals is that it is usually affected by the seasons. The number of hours daily that light enters the eye of the ...
Estrogen, progesterone, and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels throughout pregnancy. Estrogen, progesterone, and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17α-OHP) levels during pregnancy in women. [ 1 ] The dashed vertical lines separate the trimesters .
Ovulation is a non-deleterious 'inflammatory response' which is initiated by a luteinizing hormone (LH) surge. [3] The mechanism of ovulation varies between species. In humans the ovulation process occurs around day 14 of the menstrual cycle , this can also be referred to as 'cyclical spontaneous ovulation'.
Endometrial cups are unique to animals in the horse family, and so named because of their concave shape. [1] They are a placenta-associated structure, [2] found in the uterine wall of a mare from about 38 to 150 days into a pregnancy. After about 70 days, they begin to regress, [3] and are eventually destroyed by the immune system. [2]
Hormones are synthesized in certain organs, including the ovaries, placenta, and pituitary gland. [1] These hormones have essential functions in pregnancy test, maintaining the uterine lining, fetal development, preventing premature labor, and the initiation and support of labor.
Figure 2. Follicular phase diagram of hormones and their origins. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland (Figure 2). FSH secretion begins to rise in the last few days of the previous menstrual cycle, [3] and is the highest and most important during the first week of the follicular phase [4] (Figure 1).