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The definition of relative poverty varies from one country to another, or from one society to another. [2] Statistically, as of 2019, most of the world's population live in poverty: in PPP dollars, 85% of people live on less than $30 per day, two-thirds live on less than $10 per day, and 10% live on less than $1.90 per day. [3]
The culture of poverty emerges as a key concept in Michael Harrington's discussion of American poverty in The Other America. [9] For Harrington, the culture of poverty is a structural concept defined by social institutions of exclusion that create and perpetuate the cycle of poverty in America. [9] Chicago ghetto on the South Side, May 1974
Poverty, by America is a sociological analysis of poverty and its causes in the United States.Desmond's central thesis is that wealthy Americans, even those who would otherwise consider themselves progressive, tacitly benefit from government policies that keep people in poverty.
The Affluent Society is a 1958 (4th edition revised 1984) book by Harvard economist John Kenneth Galbraith.The book sought to clearly outline the manner in which the post–World War II United States was becoming wealthy in the private sector but remained poor in the public sector, lacking social and physical infrastructure, and perpetuating income disparities.
In economics, a cycle of poverty, poverty trap or generational poverty is when poverty seems to be inherited, preventing subsequent generations from escaping it. [1] It is caused by self-reinforcing mechanisms that cause poverty, once it exists, to persist unless there is outside intervention. [ 2 ]
In the same way, poverty, according to Green, is viewed as an object in which all social relations (and persons involved) are obscured. Issues such as structural failings (see earlier section), institutionalized inequalities, or corruption may lie at the heart of a region's poverty, but these are obscured by broad statements about poverty.
The term juvenilization of poverty is one used to describe the processes by which children are at a higher risk for being poor, suffer consistent and long-term negative effects due to deprivation (physical, mental, and psychological), and are disproportionately affected by systemic issues that perpetuate poverty.
The 'hydraulic thesis' in Karl A. Wittfogel's Oriental Despotism: A Comparative Study of Total Power, in which despots would control the use of water in order to submit the population to its will. The 'climate thesis' that posits that tropical climes are, ceteris paribus, poor candidates for development.