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  2. Scale height - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scale_height

    These figures should be compared with the temperature and density of Earth's atmosphere plotted at NRLMSISE-00, which shows the air density dropping from 1200 g/m 3 at sea level to 0.125 g/m 3 at 70 km, a factor of 9600, indicating an average scale height of 70 / ln(9600) = 7.64 km, consistent with the indicated average air temperature over ...

  3. Seismic magnitude scales - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales

    A modification – the "Moscow-Prague formula" – was proposed in 1962, and recommended by the IASPEI in 1967; this is the basis of the standardized M s20 scale (Ms_20, M s (20)). [43] A "broad-band" variant ( Ms_BB , M s (BB) ) measures the largest velocity amplitude in the Rayleigh-wave train for periods up to 60 seconds. [ 44 ]

  4. Seismic intensity scales - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismic_intensity_scales

    Seismic intensity scale used China: Liedu scale (GB/T 17742–1999) Europe: European macroseismic scale (EMS-98) [12] Hong Kong: Modified Mercalli scale (MM) [13] India: Medvedev–Sponheuer–Karnik scale Indonesia: Modified Mercalli scale (MM) [14] Israel: Medvedev–Sponheuer–Karnik scale (MSK-64) Japan: JMA Seismic Intensity Scale Kazakhstan

  5. Vertical pressure variation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertical_pressure_variation

    h is height from reference point 0, k is the Boltzmann constant, T is the temperature in kelvins. Therefore, instead of pressure being a linear function of height as one might expect from the more simple formula given in the "basic formula" section, it is more accurately represented as an exponential function of height.

  6. Four-dimensional space - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-dimensional_space

    As an example, the distance squared between the points (0,0,0,0) and (1,1,1,0) is 3 in both the Euclidean and Minkowskian 4-spaces, while the distance squared between (0,0,0,0) and (1,1,1,1) is 4 in Euclidean space and 2 in Minkowski space; increasing b 4 decreases the metric distance. This leads to many of the well-known apparent "paradoxes ...

  7. Semipalatinsk Test Site - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site

    It is located in Zhanasemey District, Abai Region, Kazakhstan, south of the valley of the Irtysh River. The test site was part of the former Kazakh SSR. The scientific buildings for the test site were located around 150 km (93 mi) west of the town of Semipalatinsk, later renamed Semey, near the border of East Kazakhstan Region and Pavlodar Region.

  8. Vertical exaggeration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertical_exaggeration

    The vertical exaggeration is given by: = where VS is the vertical scale and HS is the horizontal scale, both given as representative fractions.. For example, if 1 centimetre (0.39 in) vertically represents 200 metres (660 ft) and 1 centimetre (0.39 in) horizontally represents 4,000 metres (13,000 ft), the vertical exaggeration, 20×, is given by:

  9. Hypsometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypsometry

    Hypsometry (from Ancient Greek ὕψος (húpsos) 'height' and μέτρον (métron) 'measure') [1] [2] is the measurement of the elevation and depth of features of Earth's surface relative to mean sea level. [3] On Earth, the elevations can take on either positive or negative (below sea level) values.