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The soma of a neuron (i.e., the main part of the neuron in which the dendrites branch off of) contains many organelles, including granules called Nissl granules, which are composed largely of rough endoplasmic reticulum and free polyribosomes. [5] The cell nucleus is a key feature of the soma.
A dendrite (from Greek δένδρον déndron, "tree") or dendron is a branched cytoplasmic process that extends from a nerve cell that propagates the electrochemical stimulation received from other neural cells to the cell body, or soma, of the neuron from which the dendrites project.
A neuron (also known as a neurone or nerve cell) is an excitable cell in the nervous system that processes and transmits information by electrochemical signaling. Neurons are the core components of the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. Soma; Axon; Myelin; Dendrite; Dendritic spine
[8] [9] Microtentacles are cell protrusions attached to free-floating cells, associated with the spread of some cancer cells. [10] In prokaryotes such protrusions are known as surface or cell-surface appendages and include flagella, pili, fimbriae, and nanowires. [11] [8] Some archaea possess very complex appendages known as hami. [12]
The neuron cell has three components – dendrites, soma, and axon as shown in Figure 1. Dendrites, which have the shape of a tree with branches, called arbor, receive the message from other neurons with which the neuron is connected via synapses. The action potential received by each dendrite from the synapse is called the postsynaptic potential.
Dendritic cells are present in tissues that are in contact with the body's external environment, such as the skin (where there is a specialized dendritic cell type called the Langerhans cell), and the inner lining of the nose, lungs, stomach and intestines. They can also be found in an immature and mature state in the blood.
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The density of dendritic trees is typically present in these cells, but the quantity and diameter of primary dendrites are highly irregular. Outside the cell body, three to eleven dendrites are visible. Prior to splitting into tertiary branches, it quickly give rise to thinner secondary dendrites. [27] It is also known as a projection neuron.