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The Sun is the brightest star as viewed from Earth, at −26.78 mag.The second brightest is Sirius at −1.46 mag. For comparison, the brightest non-stellar objects in the Solar System have maximum brightnesses of:
minimum brightness [41] −1.47: star system Sirius: seen from Earth Brightest star except for the Sun at visible wavelengths [44] −0.83: star Eta Carinae: seen from Earth apparent brightness as a supernova impostor in April 1843 −0.72: star Canopus: seen from Earth 2nd brightest star in night sky [45] −0.55: planet Saturn: seen from Earth
Consequently, a magnitude 1 star is about 2.5 times brighter than a magnitude 2 star, about 2.5 2 times brighter than a magnitude 3 star, about 2.5 3 times brighter than a magnitude 4 star, and so on. This is the modern magnitude system, which measures the brightness, not the apparent size, of stars.
The Bortle dark-sky scale (usually referred to as simply the Bortle scale) is a nine-level numeric scale that measures the night sky's brightness of a particular location. It quantifies the astronomical observability of celestial objects and the interference caused by light pollution .
The first star in the list, Godzilla [1] — an LBV in the distant Sunburst galaxy — is probably the brightest star ever observed, although it is believed to be undergoing a temporary episode of increased luminosity that has lasted at least seven years, in a similar manner to the Great Eruption of Eta Carinae that was witnessed in the 19th ...
A truly dark sky has a surface brightness of 2 × 10 −4 cd m −2 or 21.8 mag arcsec −2. [9] [clarification needed] The peak surface brightness of the central region of the Orion Nebula is about 17 Mag/arcsec 2 (about 14 milli nits) and the outer bluish glow has a peak surface brightness of 21.3 Mag/arcsec 2 (about 0.27 millinits). [10]
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In doing so, he also developed the brightness scale still in use today. [1] Hipparchus compiled a catalogue with at least 850 stars and their positions. [ 2 ] Hipparchus's successor, Ptolemy , included a catalogue of 1,022 stars in his work the Almagest , giving their location, coordinates, and brightness.