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Air-conditioner sizes are often given as "tons" of cooling, where 1 ton of cooling equals 12,000 BTU/h (3.5 kW). 1 ton of cooling equals the amount of power that needs to be applied continuously over a 24-hour period to melt 1 ton of ice. The annual cost of electric energy consumed by an air conditioner may be calculated as follows:
Btu per hour (Btu/h) is sometimes used in North America and the United Kingdom - the latter for air conditioning mainly, though "Btu/h" is sometimes abbreviated to just "Btu". [18] MBH—thousands of Btu per hour—is also common. [19] 1 W is approximately 3.412142 Btu/h [20] 1,000 Btu/h is approximately 0.2931 kW; 1 hp is approximately 2,544 Btu/h
Air conditioning can be achieved using a mechanical 'air conditioner' or by other methods, including passive cooling and ventilative cooling. [2] [3] Air conditioning is a member of a family of systems and techniques that provide heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC). [4]
Cooling capacity is the measure of a cooling system's ability to remove heat. [1] It is equivalent to the heat supplied to the evaporator/boiler part of the refrigeration cycle and may be called the "rate of refrigeration" or "refrigeration capacity".
One BTU is the energy required to raise one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit, but the many different types of BTU are based on different interpretations of this “definition”. In the United States the power of HVAC systems (the rate of cooling and dehumidifying or heating) is sometimes expressed in BTU/hour instead of watts .
This is practical because of water's large heat of fusion: one metric ton of water (one cubic metre) can store 334 megajoules (MJ) (317,000 BTU) of energy, equivalent to 93 kWh (26.4 ton-hours). [2] The original definition of a "ton of cooling capacity" (heat flow) was the heat
The modern definition is exactly 12,000 Btu IT /h (3.516853 kW). Air-conditioning and refrigeration equipment capacity in the U.S. is often specified in "tons" (of refrigeration). Many manufacturers also specify capacity in Btu/h, especially when specifying the performance of smaller equipment.
For a heating system this would mean two things: Reducing the output temperature to around 30 °C (86 °F) which requires piped floor, wall or ceiling heating, or oversized water to air heaters. Increasing the input temperature (e.g. by using an oversized ground source or by access to a solar-assisted thermal bank [10]).