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The history of South America is the study of the past, particularly the written record, oral histories, and traditions, passed down from generation to generation on the continent of South America. The continent continues to be home to indigenous peoples, some of whom built high civilizations prior to the arrival of Europeans in the late 1400s ...
Many pre-Columbian civilizations established permanent or urban settlements, agriculture, and complex societal hierarchies. In North America, indigenous cultures in the Lower Mississippi Valley during the Middle Archaic period built complexes of multiple mounds, with several in Louisiana dated to 5600–5000 BP (3700 BC–3100 BC).
Reconstruction of one of the pyramids of Aspero. After the first humans — who were then arranged into hunter-gatherer tribal groups — arrived in South America via the Isthmus of Panama, they spread out across the continent, with the earliest evidence for settlement in the Andean region dating to circa 15,000 BCE, in what archaeologists call the Lithic Period.
Map of pre-Columbian cultures Poporo Quimbaya in the Gold Museum, Bogotá Colombia Seated gold figure from the Museo de América (Museum of America). Quimbaya artifacts refer to a range of primarily ceramic and gold objects surviving from the Quimbaya civilisation, one of many pre-Columbian cultures of Colombia inhabiting the Middle Cauca River valley and southern Antioquian region of modern ...
According to some, lithics found in the caves of Pikimachay, Chivateros, Lauricocha, Paiján, and Toquepala provide the evidence for the date. [citation needed]The oldest securely dated remains appear in 10000 BCE in the Guitarrero Cave, Yungay, then in the coast (in the districts Chilca and Paracas) and in the highlands (in the Callejón de Huaylas).
Andean civilizations (13 C, 60 P) D. Diaguita (2 C, ... South American archaeology stubs (1 C, 47 P) Pages in category "Archaeological cultures of South America"
[7] [8] Guitarrero Cave in Peru has the earliest known textiles in South America, dating to 8000 BCE. [ 9 ] The southwestern United States and certain regions of the Andes have the highest concentration of pictographs (painted images) and Petroglyphs (carved images) from this period.
The population of these Pre-Columbian cultures in the Modern-Day territory of Colombia is estimated to have been around 6 million. [1] Around a third of them, or about 2 million people were Muiscas located in Andean highlands, with the population being concentrated in a similar way to Modern-Day Colombia. [2]