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A facsimile of the signature-and-seals page of the 1864 Geneva Convention, which established humane rules of war The original document in single pages, 1864 [1]. The Geneva Conventions are international humanitarian laws consisting of four treaties and three additional protocols that establish international legal standards for humanitarian treatment in war.
The Fourth Geneva Convention only concerns protected civilians in occupied territory rather than the effects of hostilities, such as the strategic bombing during World War II. [4] The 1977 Additional Protocol 1 to the Geneva Conventions (AP-1) prohibits all intentional attacks on "the civilian population and civilian objects."
Conventions I–IV ratified as the North Vietnam. [4] Also ratified by the State of Vietnam in 1953 and the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam in 1973 prior to Vietnamese reunification. [4] Yemen: 1970 1990 1990 — — Conventions I–IV and Protocols I–II ratified as North Yemen. [4] [41]
Article 33 of the Fourth Geneva Convention categorize collective punishment in occupied territories as a war crime. At various locations, the selected route of the barrier required the demolition of Palestinian property, in violation of article 53 of the Fourth Geneva Conventions.
The article 6 of this Convention already stipulated: “Wounded or sick combatants, to whatever nation they may belong, shall be collected and cared for.” This Convention have been replaced by the Geneva Conventions of 1906, 1929 and 1949, based on new elements occurred during the subsequent wars. [14]
Article 8(2)(b)(iv) draws on the principles in Article 51(5)(b) of the 1977 Additional Protocol I to the 1949 Geneva Conventions, but restricts the criminal prohibition to cases that are "clearly" excessive. The application of Article 8(2)(b)(iv) requires, inter alia, an assessment of: (a) the anticipated civilian damage or injury;
Israel's use of collective punishment measures, such as movement restrictions, shelling of residential areas, mass arrests, and the destruction of public health infrastructure, [p] violates Articles 33 and 53 of the Fourth Geneva Convention. [117] Article 33 reads in part:
The Geneva Conventions apply in wars between two or more opposing sovereign states. [4] They do not apply to civil wars between state forces, whether territorial or third state, and non-state armed groups. A state in such a conflict is legally bound only to observe Common Article 3 of the Geneva Conventions.