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  2. Kinetic energy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetic_energy

    So, the total energy can be partitioned into the rest mass energy plus the non-relativistic kinetic energy at low speeds. When objects move at a speed much slower than light (e.g. in everyday phenomena on Earth), the first two terms of the series predominate. The next term in the Taylor series approximation

  3. Mass–energy equivalence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass–energy_equivalence

    Each of these particles has a kinetic energy of mc 2 up to a small numerical factor. The nonrelativistic kinetic energy formula did not always include the traditional factor of ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠, since German polymath Gottfried Leibniz introduced kinetic energy without it, and the ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠ is largely conventional in prerelativistic physics. [53]

  4. Oberth effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oberth_effect

    Adding 1 m/s increases the kinetic energy to 2 2 = 4 J, for a gain of 3 J; at 10 m/s, the rocket starts with 10 2 = 100 J of kinetic energy. Adding 1 m/s increases the kinetic energy to 11 2 = 121 J, for a gain of 21 J. This greater change in kinetic energy can then carry the rocket higher in the gravity well than if the propellant were burned ...

  5. Bernoulli's principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernoulli's_principle

    The energy entering through A 1 is the sum of the kinetic energy entering, the energy entering in the form of potential gravitational energy of the fluid, the fluid thermodynamic internal energy per unit of mass (ε 1) entering, and the energy entering in the form of mechanical p dV work: = (+ + +) where Ψ = gz is a force potential due to the ...

  6. Lagrangian mechanics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagrangian_mechanics

    Kinetic energy T is the energy of the system's motion and is a function only of the velocities v k, not the positions r k, nor time t, so T = T(v 1, v 2, ...). V , the potential energy of the system, reflects the energy of interaction between the particles, i.e. how much energy any one particle has due to all the others, together with any ...

  7. Two-body problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-body_problem

    By contrast, subtracting equation (2) from equation (1) results in an equation that describes how the vector r = x 1 − x 2 between the masses changes with time. The solutions of these independent one-body problems can be combined to obtain the solutions for the trajectories x 1 (t) and x 2 (t).

  8. Energy–momentum relation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy–momentum_relation

    In physics, the energy–momentum relation, or relativistic dispersion relation, is the relativistic equation relating total energy (which is also called relativistic energy) to invariant mass (which is also called rest mass) and momentum. It is the extension of mass–energy equivalence for bodies or systems with non-zero momentum.

  9. Turbulence kinetic energy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbulence_kinetic_energy

    Turbulence kinetic energy is then transferred down the turbulence energy cascade, and is dissipated by viscous forces at the Kolmogorov scale. This process of production, transport and dissipation can be expressed as: D k D t + ∇ ⋅ T ′ = P − ε , {\displaystyle {\frac {Dk}{Dt}}+\nabla \cdot T'=P-\varepsilon ,} where: [ 1 ]