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In most of Europe, the telegraph service came under the control of the government posts and telegraph administration. The telegraph administrations of Switzerland and the Scandinavian countries first began to employ women as telegraph operators in the 1850s; France, Germany, and Russia first admitted women to the telegraph service in the 1860s ...
First electronic commuter and one of the first female telegraph operators in the United States Emma A. Hunter (1831–1904) was an American telegraph operator from West Chester, Pennsylvania . She was hired by the Atlantic and Ohio Telegraph Company in 1851 and worked as a telegrapher until 1868.
Early proposals for an optical telegraph system were made to the Royal Society by Robert Hooke in 1684 [12] and were first implemented on an experimental level by Sir Richard Lovell Edgeworth in 1767. [13] The first successful optical telegraph network was invented by Claude Chappe and operated in France from 1793. [14]
The timeline of North American telegraphy is a chronology of notable events in the history of the electric telegraphy in the United States and Canada, including the rapid spread of telegraphic communications starting from 1844 and completion of the first transcontinental telegraph line in 1861.
The transcontinental telegraph was completed on Oct. 24, 1861, making possible instant communication between the coasts possible for the first time. It rendered the Pony Express obsolete.
Telegraph companies began employing women as telegraph operators early on in the companies' period. The Magnetic was one of the first to do so [152] and the ETC started employing them from 1855. It was a popular, keenly sought job with unmarried women, who had few other good employment options—a well- paid job in nice surroundings.
Du Boff, Richard B. "The Telegraph in Nineteenth-Century America: Technology and Monopoly" Comparative Studies in Society and History, 26#4 (1984), pp. 571–586. Gabler, Edwin. The American Telegrapher: A Social History, 1860-1900 (1988) Gallagher, Edward A. Getting the message across: the story of Western Union ((Newcomen Society, 1971 ...
From ancient history to the modern day, the clitoris has been discredited, dismissed and deleted -- and women's pleasure has often been left out of the conversation entirely. Now, an underground art movement led by artist Sophia Wallace is emerging across the globe to challenge the lies, question the myths and rewrite the rules around sex and the female body.