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The history of slavery spans many cultures, nationalities, and religions from ancient times to the present day. Likewise, its victims have come from many different ethnicities and religious groups. The social, economic, and legal positions of slaves have differed vastly in different systems of slavery in different times and places. [1]
The 1817 abolition of the slave trade takes effect. [106] 1821 Mexico: The Plan of Iguala frees the slaves born in Mexico. [63] United States Spain: In accordance with Adams–Onís Treaty of 1819, Florida becomes a territory of the United States. A main reason was Spain's inability or unwillingness to capture and return escaped slaves. Peru
Slave trading in the Indian Ocean goes back to 2500 BCE. [3] Ancient Babylonians, Egyptians, Greeks, Indians, and Persians all traded slaves on a small scale across the Indian Ocean (and sometimes the Red Sea). [4] Slave trading in the Red Sea around the time of Alexander the Great is described by Agatharchides. [4]
Nikole Hannah-Jones created "The 1619 Project," which began as a collection of essays that soon spawned a book and a podcast, and now a Hulu series.
Slavery was prevalent in many parts of Africa for many centuries before the beginning of the Atlantic slave trade. [79] Slavery was an important part of the economic structure of Africa although its relative importance and the role and treatment of enslaved people varied considerably by society. [80]
The Islamic Republic of Mauritania was the last country in the world to officially ban slavery, in 1981, [7] with legal prosecution of slaveholders established in 2007. [8] However, in 2019, approximately 40 million people, of whom 26% were children, were still enslaved throughout the world despite slavery being illegal.
The slave trade trafficking humans from the Black Sea region to the Mediterranean Sea during the Roman period continued during the Byzantine Empire, but the Byzantine slave trade is not fully documented, though it appears to have continued to function via the old principles war-captives and children sold by their families. [10]
The legal institution of human chattel slavery, comprising the enslavement primarily of Africans and African Americans, was prevalent in the United States of America from its founding in 1776 until 1865, predominantly in the South. Slavery was established throughout European colonization in the Americas.