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The notion of weighted mean plays a role in descriptive statistics and also occurs in a more general form in several other areas of mathematics. If all the weights are equal, then the weighted mean is the same as the arithmetic mean.
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In statistics, inverse-variance weighting is a method of aggregating two or more random variables to minimize the variance of the weighted average. Each random variable is weighted in inverse proportion to its variance (i.e., proportional to its precision). Given a sequence of independent observations y i with variances σ i 2, the inverse ...
Kernel average smoother example. The idea of the kernel average smoother is the following. For each data point X 0, choose a constant distance size λ (kernel radius, or window width for p = 1 dimension), and compute a weighted average for all data points that are closer than to X 0 (the closer to X 0 points get higher weights).
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These weights have a nice relative interpretation where elements with weights larger than 1 are more "influential" (in terms of their relative influence on, say, the weighted mean) then the average observation, while weights smaller than 1 are less "influential" than the average observation.
The expected value of a random variable is the weighted average of the possible values it might take on, with the weights being the respective probabilities. More generally, the expected value of a function of a random variable is the probability-weighted average of the values the function takes on for each possible value of the random variable.
In data analysis based on the Rasch model, the reduced chi-squared statistic is called the outfit mean-square statistic, and the information-weighted reduced chi-squared statistic is called the infit mean-square statistic. [21]