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Vichy France (French: Régime de Vichy, lit. 'Vichy regime'; 10 July 1940 – 9 August 1944), officially the French State (État français), was a French rump state headed by Marshal Philippe Pétain during World War II, established after the French capitulation after the defeat against Germany.
After being renamed zone sud ("south zone"), it was thereafter ruled by the Wehrmacht as a part of occupied France. The liberation of France began on 6 June 1944 with the Allied forces landing on D-Day, the Battle of Normandy, and the Allied landing in Provence on August 15. Most of France was liberated by September 1944.
The Military Administration in France (German: Militärverwaltung in Frankreich; French: Administration militaire en France) was an interim occupation authority established by Nazi Germany during World War II to administer the occupied zone in areas of northern and western France.
Military Administration in Belgium and Northern France; Italian occupation of Corsica (1940–1943) Zone occupée (occupied zone), in parts of western and northern France, administered by the Militärverwaltung in Frankreich; Zone libre (free zone), in parts of southern France, where the rump state Vichy France was established until occupied in ...
A number were Belgian, Dutch, and Hungarian immigrants to France; all went before the firing squads singing the French national anthem or shouting Vive la France!, a testament to how even the communists by 1942 saw themselves as fighting for France as much as for world revolution. [105] Torture of captured résistants was routine. [96]
A vast expanse of territory in northern and eastern parts of occupied France comprising a total of six départements and parts of four others running from the mouth of the Somme to the Swiss frontier in the Jura [1] was separated from the rest of the Occupied Zone by a demarcation line and was effectively isolated from the rest of France. [1]
Case Anton (German: Unternehmen Anton) was the military occupation of Vichy France carried out by Germany and Italy in November 1942. It marked the end of the Vichy regime as a nominally independent state and the disbanding of its army (the severely-limited Armistice Army), but it continued its existence as a puppet government in Occupied France.
After capitulation, France was governed as Vichy France headed by Marshal (Maréchal - Marshal in French) Philippe Pétain. From 1940 to 1942, while the Vichy regime was the nominal government of all of France except for Alsace-Lorraine, the Germans and Italians militarily occupied northern and south-eastern France.