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Artist's rendition of Mars Express as seen by NASA's Mars Global Surveyor Image of Mars Express in orbit at Mars. 2001 Mars Odyssey was launched April 7, 2001 on a Delta II rocket and currently holds the record for the longest-surviving continually active spacecraft in orbit around a planet other than Earth at 23 years, 3 months and 17 days.
The minimum distance between Earth and Mars has been declining over the years, and in 2003 the minimum distance was 55.76 million km, nearer than any such encounter in almost 60,000 years (57,617 BC). The record minimum distance between Earth and Mars in 2729 will stand at 55.65 million km.
The 2019 Hindi film Mission Mangal is loosely based on India's mission to Mars. [151] [152] A web series called Mission Over Mars is loosely based on India's Mars mission. [153] [154] Space MOMs, released online in 2019, is based on India's Mars mission. [155] Mission Mars: Keep Walking India is a short film released in 2018 based on India's ...
First lander to impact Mars. Deployed from Mars 2, failed to land during attempt on 27 November 1971. [7] PrOP-M: Rover Failure Lost with Mars 2: First rover launched to Mars. Lost when the Mars 2 lander crashed into the surface of Mars. 16 Mars 3: Mars 3 (4M No.172) 28 May 1971 Soviet Union: Orbiter Successful
Mars transfer orbit (MTO) also known as trans-Mars injection (TMI) orbit Repeat orbit : An orbit where the ground track of the satellite repeats after a period of time. Gangale orbit: a solar orbit near Mars whose period is one Martian year, but whose eccentricity and inclination both differ from that of Mars such that a relay satellite in a ...
An areostationary orbit, areosynchronous equatorial orbit (AEO), or Mars geostationary orbit is a circular areosynchronous orbit (ASO) approximately 17,032 km (10,583 mi) in altitude above the Mars equator and following the direction of Mars's rotation. An object in such an orbit has an orbital period equal to Mars's rotational period, and so ...
It is known that in the past, Mars has had a much more circular orbit. At one point, 1.35 million Earth years ago, Mars had an eccentricity of roughly 0.002, much less than that of Earth today. [188] Mars's cycle of eccentricity is 96,000 Earth years compared to Earth's cycle of 100,000 years. [189]
The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) is a multipurpose spacecraft designed to conduct reconnaissance and exploration of Mars from orbit. The US$720 million spacecraft was built by Lockheed Martin under the supervision of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, launched August 12, 2005, and entered Mars orbit on March 10, 2006. [110]