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  2. Autonomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomy

    In the sociology of knowledge, ... An example of an autonomous jurisdiction was the former United States governance of the ... Universal principles of justice ...

  3. Mertonian norms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mertonian_norms

    A corollary to the need for common ownership of scientific knowledge is the imperative for "full and open" communication, which he saw in J. D. Bernal's 1939 book The Social Function of Science, as opposed to secrecy, which he saw espoused in the work of Henry Cavendish, "selfish and anti-social".

  4. Universalism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universalism

    A community that calls itself universalist may emphasize the universal principles of most religions, and accept others in an inclusive manner. In the modern context, universalism can also mean the Western pursuit of unification of all human beings across geographic and other boundaries under Western values, or the application of really ...

  5. Sociology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociology

    Social analysis has origins in the common stock of universal, global knowledge and philosophy, having been carried out from as far back as the time of old comic poetry which features social and political criticism, [9] and ancient Greek philosophers Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle.

  6. List of forms of government - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_forms_of_government

    Term Description Examples Autocracy: Autocracy is a system of government in which supreme power (social and political) is concentrated in the hands of one person or polity, whose decisions are subject to neither external legal restraints nor regularized mechanisms of popular control (except perhaps for the implicit threat of a coup d'état or mass insurrection).

  7. Iron law of oligarchy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_law_of_oligarchy

    It shows the emergence of an oligarchy derived from competencies in five significant "clusters": administration, article quality, collaboration, formatting, and content policy. Heaberlin and DeDeo note: "The encyclopedia's core norms address universal principles, such as neutrality, verifiability, civility, and consensus.

  8. Sociology of knowledge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociology_of_knowledge

    The sociology of knowledge has a subclass and a complement. Its subclass is sociology of scientific knowledge. Its complement is the sociology of ignorance. [2] [3] The sociology of knowledge was pioneered primarily by the sociologist Émile Durkheim at the beginning of the 20th century. His work deals directly with how conceptual thought ...

  9. Social philosophy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_philosophy

    Social philosophy is the study and interpretation of society and social institutions in terms of ethical values rather than empirical relations. [1] Social philosophers emphasize understanding the social contexts for political, legal, moral and cultural questions, and the development of novel theoretical frameworks, from social ontology to care ethics to cosmopolitan theories of democracy ...