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  2. Tuned bottles - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuned_bottles

    Typical struck bottles sound from about C7 to C8. Of course, music can be transposed into this range as needed. The pitch, dynamic range, and timbre depend on the bottles used, for example their material, shape, thickness, and so on. In practice, multiple bottles are typically used, one for each desired pitch.

  3. Faruk Türünz - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faruk_Türünz

    Faruk Türünz (born 28 June 1944 in Adana, Turkey) is a Turkish luthier who specializes in ouds and is considered one of the best oud makers. [1] His shop is in Istanbul , Turkey . Having worked as a primary school teacher for 10 years, Türünz started constructing ouds in 1984, after studying with Cafer Açın, head of the Musical ...

  4. Oud - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oud

    The oud (Arabic: عود, romanized: ʿūd, pronounced) [1] [2] [3] is a Middle Eastern short-neck lute-type, pear-shaped, fretless stringed instrument [4] (a chordophone in the Hornbostel–Sachs classification of instruments), usually with 11 strings grouped in six courses, but some models have five or seven courses, with 10 or 13 strings respectively.

  5. Arabic maqam - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_maqam

    Maqam scales in traditional Arabic music are microtonal, not based on a twelve-tone equal-tempered musical tuning system, as is the case in modern Western music. Most maqam scales include a perfect fifth or a perfect fourth (or both), and all octaves are perfect. The remaining notes in a maqam scale may or may not exactly land on semitones.

  6. Munir Bashir - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munir_Bashir

    Building on older traditions of the Iraqi oud school, including that of his elder brother, Munir Bashir developed a signature tuning that bears his name: A notable feature of this tuning is the duplication of the highest course in F with an additional course tuned an octave lower. This innovation creates a rich, full sound in the high melody ...

  7. Codd-neck bottle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codd-neck_bottle

    Codd-neck bottle. A Codd-neck bottle (more commonly known as a Codd bottle or a marble bottle) is a type of bottle used for carbonated drinks.It has a closing design based on a glass marble which is held against a rubber seal, which sits within a recess in the lip.

  8. List of oud players - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_oud_players

    This is a list of people notable for playing the oud This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources .

  9. Conservation and restoration of glass objects - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_and...

    Conservation-restoration is the practice of cleaning and discovering the original state of an object, investigating the proper treatments and applying those treatments to restore the object to its original state without permanently altering the object, and then preserving the object to prevent further deterioration for generations to come (Caple, p. 5-6). [1]