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Energy gels are edible carbohydrate gels that provide energy for exercise and promote recovery, [1] commonly used in endurance events such as running, cycling, and triathlons. Energy gels are also referred to as endurance gels, sports gels, nutritional gels, and carbohydrate gels. [1] Energy gels are packaged in small, single-serve plastic packets.
The energy cost of running between individuals is extremely variable, even when normalized for body mass. This suggests that a variety of other factors must influence the energy cost of running. The apparent individual variability of energy expenditure during running spurred the development of the concept of economy.
GU Energy Labs is regarded as the first major distributor of energy gels, supplying products at the Ironman World Championship in 1996. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] GU is now run by Bill's son, Brian Vaughan, who serves as president.
Running economy (RE) a complex, multifactorial concept that represents the sum of metabolic, cardiorespiratory, biomechanical and neuromuscular efficiency during running. [1]: 33 [2] [3] Oxygen consumption (VO 2) is the most commonly used method for measuring running economy, as the exchange of gases in the body, specifically oxygen and carbon dioxide, closely reflects energy metabolism.
A marathoner's running economy is their sub maximal requirement for oxygen at specific speeds. This concept of running economy helps explain different marathon times for runners with similar aerobic capacities. [11] The steady state oxygen consumption used to define running economy demonstrates the energy cost of running at sub maximal speeds.
Glycogen burns rapidly to provide quick energy. Runners can store about 8 MJ or 2,000 kcal worth of glycogen in their bodies, enough for about 30 km/18–20 miles of running. Many runners report that running becomes noticeably more difficult at that point. [179]
According to the World Health Organization, over 31% of adults and 80% of adolescents fail to maintain the recommended levels of physical activity. [5] Examples of cardiovascular or aerobic exercise are medium- to long-distance running or jogging, swimming, cycling, stair climbing and walking. [6]
In endurance sports such as road cycling and long-distance running, hitting the wall or the bonk is a condition of sudden fatigue and loss of energy which is caused by the depletion of glycogen stores in the liver and muscles. Milder instances can be remedied by brief rest and the ingestion of food or drinks containing carbohydrates.
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