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Urolithin A is a metabolite compound resulting from the transformation of ellagitannins by the gut bacteria. [1] It belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzo- coumarins or dibenzo-α- pyrones .
The protease is important in the processing of the coronavirus replicase polyprotein . It is the main protease in coronaviruses and corresponds to nonstructural protein 5 (nsp5). [6] It cleaves the coronavirus polyprotein at 11 conserved sites. The 3CL protease has a cysteine-histidine catalytic dyad at its active site. [4]
Chemical structure of urolithin A.. Urolithins are microflora metabolites of dietary ellagic acid derivatives, such as ellagitannins. [1] They are produced in the gut, and found in the urine in the form of urolithin B glucuronide after absorption of ellagitannins-containing foods, such as pomegranate. [2]
The coronavirus can damage the heart, according to a major new study which found abnormalities in the heart function of more than half of patients.
Antibodies against spike glycoprotein are found in patients recovered from SARS and COVID-19. Neutralizing antibodies target epitopes on the receptor-binding domain. [9] Most COVID-19 vaccine development efforts in response to the COVID-19 pandemic aim to activate the immune system against the spike protein. [10] [11] [12]
Early reporting on coronavirus deaths from China, Italy and the U.S. show that more than half — and as many as two-thirds — of COVID-19 patients who are placed on ventilators don’t survive.
Initial use of ECMO in COVID-19 patients from China early in the pandemic suggested poor outcomes, with less than 90% mortality. [83] In March 2020, the ELSO registry began collecting data on the worldwide use of ECMO for patients with COVID-19 and reporting this data on the ELSO website in real time.
Transmission electron micrograph of SARS‑CoV‑2 virions (red) isolated from a patient during the COVID-19 pandemic. A distinguishing feature of SARS‑CoV‑2 is its incorporation of a polybasic site cleaved by furin, [102] [112] which appears to be an important element enhancing its virulence. [113]