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The symptoms consist of dyspnea, wheezing, a nonproductive cough. [3] [4] Obstructive respiratory failure may develop as the result of either permanent tracheal or bronchial narrowing or chondromalacia with expiratory collapse of the tracheobronchial tree. [3] Endoscopy, intubation, or tracheotomy has been shown to hasten death. [3]
The most common childhood form of muscular dystrophy, affects predominantly boys (mild symptoms may occur in female carriers). Characterised by progressive muscle wasting. Clinical symptoms become evident when the child begins walking. By age 10, the child may need braces and by age 12, most patients are unable to walk. [15]
[1] [5] Diagnosis is typically made by physical examination and is sometimes supported by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). [1] Physical examination will often show tenderness around the knee joint, reduced range of motion of the knee, and increased looseness of the joint. [2] Prevention is by neuromuscular training and core strengthening.
The unhappy triad, also known as a blown knee among other names, is an injury to the anterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament, and meniscus.Analysis during the 1990s indicated that this 'classic' O'Donoghue triad is actually an unusual clinical entity among athletes with knee injuries.
Peroneal nerve is most commonly interrupted at the knee and possibly at the joint of hip and ankle. Most studies reported that about 30% of peroneal nerve palsy is followed from knee dislocations. [1] Peroneal nerve injury occurs when the knee is exposed to various stress. It occurs when the posterolateral corner structure of knee is injured.
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a rare neuromuscular disorder that results in the loss of motor neurons and progressive muscle wasting. [3] [4] [5] It is usually diagnosed in infancy or early childhood and if left untreated it is the most common genetic cause of infant death. [6]
The signs and symptoms of peripheral artery disease are based on the affected body part. About 66% of patients affected by PAD either do not have symptoms or have atypical symptoms. [19] The most common presenting symptom is intermittent claudication (IC), which typically refers to lower extremity skeletal muscle pain that occurs during ...
Treatment should take into account the cause and severity of the condition. [6] Treatment is done by vitamin B 12 supplementation, either by mouth or by injection. [3] Initially in high daily doses, followed by less frequent lower doses, as the condition improves. [3] If a reversible cause is found, that cause should be corrected if possible. [11]