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An en passant capture can occur after a pawn makes a move of two squares and the square it passes over is attacked by an enemy pawn. The enemy pawn is entitled to capture the moved pawn "in passing" as if the latter had advanced only one square. The capturing pawn moves to the square over which the moved pawn passed, and the moved pawn is ...
Black can capture the d4-pawn en passant in either of two ways: 1... exd3 e.p. shifting the e4-pawn from the e- to the d-file, preventing an en passant capture after White plays 2.f4. To stop the threat of 3.f5#, Black can advance 2...f5, but this allows White to play 3.exf6 e.p.# due to the decisive opening of the e-file. Or Black can play
A pawn, unlike other pieces, captures differently from how it moves. A pawn can capture an enemy piece on either of the two squares diagonally in front of the pawn. It cannot move to those squares when vacant except when capturing en passant. The pawn is also involved in the two special moves en passant and promotion. [10]
A key square is a square such that if White's king occupies it, White can force the pawn to promotion, regardless of where the black king is and regardless of which side is to move, and against any defense (assuming that the black king cannot capture the pawn). The key squares are relative to the position of the pawn.
The second guideline has unusual consequences in some games. For example, in Knightmate, the knight is royal while the king is not, so the player may promote a pawn to a king but not to a knight. [62] In losing chess, the king is not royal, so a pawn can be promoted to a king.
A king can capture an adjacent enemy piece if that piece is not protected by another enemy piece. A piece is interposed between the king and the attacking piece to break the line of threat (not possible when the attacking piece is a knight or pawn , or when in double check ).
A draw results if the defending king can reach the square in front of the pawn or the square in front of that (or capture the pawn). [20] If the attacking king can prevent that, the king will assist the pawn in being promoted to a queen or rook, and checkmate can be achieved.
Castling is a king move, so the king must be touched first. If the rook is touched first instead, a rook move must be made. [b] If the player touches a rook at the same time as touching the king, the player must castle with that rook if it is legal to do so. If the player completes a two-square king move without touching a rook, the player must ...