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Radiation-induced brain edema (RIBE) is a potentially life-threatening complication of brain tissue radiation and is characterized radiation necrosis, endothelial cell dysfunction, increased capillary permeability, and breakdown of the blood–brain barrier. [13] Symptoms include headache, seizure, psychomotor slowing, irritability, and focal ...
Continuing evidence of the retention of gadolinium in brain and other tissues following exposure to gadolinium containing contrast media, led to a safety review by the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) which led the EMA to restrict or suspend authorization for the intravenous use of most brands of linear gadolinium-based ...
It is retained in the brain at a measurable level after an injection at standard dose (0.1 mmol/kg). [8] In vitro studies found it neurotoxic, less so than linears agents. [9] Drugs with gadolinium-based contrasting agents can cause nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF, or gadolinium-induced fibrosis) for those with impaired elimination of the ...
Traditional gadolinium-based contrast agents are un-targeted, generally distributing throughout the body after injection, but will not readily cross the intact blood–brain barrier. [37] Brain tumors , and other disorders that degrade the blood-brain barrier, allow these agents to penetrate into the brain and facilitate their detection by ...
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Subdural hygromas require two conditions in order to occur. First, there must be a separation in the layers of the Meninges of the brain. Second, the resulting subdural space that occurs from the separation of layers must remain uncompressed in order for CSF to accumulate in the subdural space, resulting in the hygroma. [1]
Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis is a rare syndrome that involves fibrosis of the skin, joints, eyes, and internal organs. NSF is caused by exposure to gadolinium in gadolinium-based MRI contrast agents (GBCAs) in patients with impaired kidney function.
High-altitude cerebral edema (HACE) is a medical condition in which the brain swells with fluid because of the physiological effects of traveling to a high altitude.It generally appears in patients who have acute mountain sickness and involves disorientation, lethargy, and nausea among other symptoms.