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A variety of musical terms are encountered in printed scores, music reviews, and program notes. Most of the terms are Italian, in accordance with the Italian origins of many European musical conventions. Sometimes, the special musical meanings of these phrases differ from the original or current Italian meanings.
Musical symbols are marks and symbols in musical notation that indicate various aspects of how a piece of music is to be performed. There are symbols to communicate information about many musical elements, including pitch, duration, dynamics, or articulation of musical notes; tempo, metre, form (e.g., whether sections are repeated), and details about specific playing techniques (e.g., which ...
Relationship of the atmosphere and ionosphere. The ionosphere (/ aɪ ˈ ɒ n ə ˌ s f ɪər /) [1] [2] is the ionized part of the upper atmosphere of Earth, from about 48 km (30 mi) to 965 km (600 mi) above sea level, [3] a region that includes the thermosphere and parts of the mesosphere and exosphere. The ionosphere is ionized by solar ...
This category is for musical terms and terminology. Subcategories. This category has the following 8 subcategories, out of 8 total. ...
Lists all kinds of musical works by Biber, notwithstanding the book's title. Non-thematic catalogue. William Billings: Kroeger, Karl (1991). Catalog of the musical works of William Billings. Music reference collection. Vol. 32. New York: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-27827-X. Non-thematic catalogue Georges Bizet: Dean, Winton (1975). Bizet. The ...
Here R is the mean Earth radius, H is the mean height of the ionosphere shell. The IPP or Ionospheric Pierce Point is the altitude in the ionosphere where electron density is greatest. [1] These points can change based on factors like time of day, solar activity, and geographical location, which all influence ionospheric conditions. [2]
An ionosonde, or chirpsounder, is a special radar for the examination of the ionosphere. The basic ionosonde technology was invented in 1925 by Gregory Breit and Merle A. Tuve [ 1 ] and further developed in the late 1920s by a number of prominent physicists, including Edward Victor Appleton .
A sustained or repeated note in a song or tune, often in the bass register. The term is a reference to the bass pedal keyboards that are used to sustain a pedal point in organ music. The most common and effective pedal notes are the tonic note (which can be held under the first eight bars of many blues progressions or even the entire 12 bars of ...