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Sodium thiosulfate is a classical antidote to cyanide poisoning, [10] For this purpose it is used after the medication sodium nitrite and typically only recommended for severe cases. [4] [6] It is given by injection into a vein. [4] In this use, sodium nitrite creates methemoglobinemia which removes cyanide from mitochondria. [6]
Sodium thiosulfate (sodium thiosulphate) is an inorganic compound with the formula Na 2 S 2 O 3 ·(H 2 O) x. Typically it is available as the white or colorless pentahydrate (x = 5), which is a white solid that dissolves well in water. The compound is a reducing agent and a ligand, and these properties underpin its applications. [2]
Sodium nitrite/sodium thiosulfate, sold under the brand name Nithiodote, is a fixed-dose combination medication used as an antidote for cyanide poisoning. [1] It contains sodium thiosulfate and sodium nitrite. [1] It is given by intravenous infusion into a vein. [1] It was approved for medical use in the United States in January 2011. [2]
Some α emitting isotopes such as 225 Ac and 213 Bi are only available in limited quantities from 229 Th decay, although cyclotron production is feasible. [9] [10] [11] Among alpha-emitting radiometals according to availability, chelation chemistry, and half-life, 212 Pb is also a promising candidate for targeted alpha-therapy.
The American Association for Cancer Research has recently written that research shows an association between fungi, including Candida, and cancer but has not determined causation. [5] The site does not endorse any cures, including treatment with sodium bicarbonate. Quackwatch lists sodium bicarbonate injections as a "dubious treatment". [6]
Research on the medicinal effects of gold began in 1935, [2] primarily to reduce inflammation and to slow disease progression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The use of gold compounds has decreased since the 1980s because of numerous side effects and monitoring requirements, limited efficacy, and very slow onset of action.
Nutritional problems are also frequently seen in cancer patients at diagnosis and through chemotherapy treatment. Research suggests that in children and young people undergoing cancer treatment, parenteral nutrition may help with this leading to weight gain and increased calorie and protein intake, when compared to enteral nutrition.
Cancer immunotherapy (immuno-oncotherapy) is the stimulation of the immune system to treat cancer, improving the immune system's natural ability to fight the disease. [1] It is an application of the fundamental research of cancer immunology (immuno-oncology) and a growing subspecialty of oncology.