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Subviral agents are pathogenic entities that can cause disease, but lack various fundamental properties of viruses. Subviral agents consist of satellites , viroids , prions , defective interfering particles , viriforms , and, most recently, obelisks .
Viroids were shown to consist of short stretches (a few hundred nucleotides) of single-stranded RNA and, unlike viruses, did not have a protein coat. Viroids are extremely small, from 246 to 467 nucleotides, smaller than other infectious plant pathogens; they thus consist of fewer than 10,000 atoms.
Women and children usually consumed the brain, the organ in which infectious prions were most concentrated, thus allowing for transmission of kuru. The disease was therefore more prevalent among women and children. The epidemic likely started when a villager developed sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease and died. When villagers ate the brain ...
Tobacco mosaic virus was the first virus to be identified, as an infectious agent that could pass through porcelain filters, as well as the first to be crystallised. It was among the earliest virus structures to be modelled successfully. Credit: Thomas Splettstoesser (20 July 2012) Portal:Viruses/Selected picture/3
Depending on whether a lax or strict definition is used, the term virusoid may also include Hepatitis D virus (HDV). Like plant virusoids, HDV is circular, single-stranded, and supported by a helper virus (Hepatitis B virus) to form virions; however, the virions possess a much larger genome size (~1700 nt) and encode a protein.
The images are useful in detection of, for example, a bone abscess or a spongiform encephalopathy produced by a prion. [ 40 ] The benefits of identification, however, are often greatly outweighed by the cost, as often there is no specific treatment, the cause is obvious, or the outcome of an infection is likely to be benign .
DPVweb is a central web-based source of information about viruses, viroids and satellites of plants, fungi and protozoa. [1]It provides comprehensive taxonomic information, including brief descriptions of each family and genus, and classified lists of virus sequences.
Humans can be infected with many types of pathogens, including prions, viruses, bacteria, and fungi, causing symptoms like sneezing, coughing, fever, vomiting, and potentially lethal organ failure. While some symptoms are caused by the pathogenic infection, others are caused by the immune system's efforts to kill the pathogen, such as ...