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The history of cotton can be traced from its domestication, through the important role it played in the history of India, the British Empire, and the United States, to its continuing importance as a crop and commodity. The history of the domestication of cotton is very complex and is not known exactly. [1]
c. 2500 BC – The Indus Valley civilisation cultivates cotton in the Indian subcontinent. [5] c. 1988 BC – Production of linen cloth in Ancient Egypt, along with other bast fibers including rush, reed, palm, and papyrus. [6] c. 1000 BC – Cherchen Man was laid to rest with a twill tunic and the earliest known sample of tartan fabric. [7]
Scraps of wool fabric from the Bronze Age and Iron Age have been found in the salt mines of Hallstatt Austria. The fabric scraps were residuals of rags used in the mines. The rags, in turn were scraps from worn out garments. The Bronze age fabrics are relatively coarse in part due to the coarse wool available from the sheep at the time.
Cloth is finished by what are described as wet process to become fabric. The fabric may be dyed, printed or decorated by embroidering with coloured yarns. The three main types of fibres are natural vegetable fibres, animal protein fibres and artificial fibres. Natural vegetable fibres include cotton, linen, jute and hemp.
The use of cotton for fabric is known to date to prehistoric times; fragments of cotton fabric dated to the fifth millennium BC have been found in the Indus Valley civilization, as well as fabric remnants dated back to 4200 BC in Peru.
Muslin (/ ˈ m ʌ z l ɪ n /) is a cotton fabric of plain weave. [1] It is made in a wide range of weights from delicate sheers to coarse sheeting. [ 2 ] It is commonly believed that it gets its name from the city of Mosul, Iraq .
Cotton is shipped to mills in large 500-pound bales. When the cotton comes out of a bale, it is all packed together and still contains vegetable matter. The bale is broken open using a machine with large spikes, called an opener. To fluff up the cotton and remove the vegetable matter, the cotton is sent through a picker or a similar machine.
Power from Steam: A History of the Stationary Steam Engine. Cambridge University Press. p. 244. ISBN 978-0-521-45834-4. Collier, Ann M (1970). A Handbook of Textiles. Pergamon Press. p. 258. ISBN 978-0-08-018057-1. Barfoot, J. R. (1840). The Progress of Cotton. Barfoot's series of coloured lithographs of 1840 depicting the cotton manufacturing ...