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According to the Rites of Zhou, under the feudal fengjian governance system, aristocratic feudal lords were entitled to nine consorts in total, and cannot marry again after having nine consorts, which makes for one wife and eight concubines. For other officers, they are entitled to one wife and one concubine.
Consort Zhou (周貴人, personal name unknown) (died 16 April 363 [1]) was a Chinese imperial consort during the Jin Dynasty (266–420). She was a concubine of Emperor Cheng . [ 2 ] She was favored by him, and they had two sons – Sima Pi (later Emperor Ai ) and Sima Yi (later Emperor Fei ).
The Zhou fengjian system was termed as being 'protobureaucratic' [30] and bureaucracy existed alongside feudalism, while in Europe, bureaucracy emerged as a counter system to the feudal order. Therefore, according to some historians, the term "feudalism" is not an exact fit for the Western Zhou political structure [ 2 ] but it can be considered ...
Zhou legitimacy also arose indirectly from Shang material culture through the use of bronze ritual vessels, statues, ornaments, and weapons. As the Zhou emulated the Shang's large scale production of ceremonial bronzes, they developed an extensive system of bronze metalworking that required a large force of tribute labor.
The Zhou dynasty grew out of a predynastic polity with its own existing power structure, primarily organized as a set of culturally affiliated kinship groups. The defining characteristics of a noble were their ancestral temple surname (姓; xíng), their lineage line within that ancestral surname, and seniority within that lineage line.
Consorts have played influential roles throughout the history of the monarchy despite holding no formal constitutional position. What is a royal consort? Skip to main content
During imperial China (221 BCE – CE 1911), a wide variety of noble titles were granted. Some of these were hereditary; an overlapping subset were honorary. At the beginning of imperial China, the administration of territory was growing out of the older fengjian system, and the central government asserting more control over the old aristocracy.
The Chongzhen Emperor reportedly had a good relationship to her and divided his affections and attention equally between empress Zhou and his favorite concubine, Consort Tian (d. 1642), who was the mother of his 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th sons. Zhou was allegedly not jealous of Consort Tian, but she did disapprove of her haughty behavior. [1]