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For example, Paraffin has very large molecules and thus a high heat capacity per mole, but as a substance it does not have remarkable heat capacity in terms of volume, mass, or atom-mol (which is just 1.41 R per mole of atoms, or less than half of most solids, in terms of heat capacity per atom).
Metallic hydrogen (recombination energy) 216 [2] Specific orbital energy of Low Earth orbit (approximate) 33.0: Beryllium + Oxygen: 23.9 [3] Lithium + Fluorine: 23.75 [citation needed] Octaazacubane potential explosive: 22.9 [4] Hydrogen + Oxygen: 13.4 [5] Gasoline + Oxygen –> Derived from Gasoline: 13.3 [citation needed] Dinitroacetylene ...
Compared to hydrogen as a fuel, ammonia is much more energy efficient, and could be produced, stored and delivered at a much lower cost than hydrogen, which must be kept compressed or as a cryogenic liquid. [88] [89] The raw energy density of liquid ammonia is 11.5 MJ/L, [88] which is about a third that of diesel.
In aqueous solution, ammonia deprotonates a small fraction of the water to give ammonium and hydroxide according to the following equilibrium: . NH 3 + H 2 O ⇌ NH + 4 + OH −.. In a 1 M ammonia solution, about 0.42% of the ammonia is converted to ammonium, equivalent to pH = 11.63 because [NH +
Liquid H 2 O −285.8 Hydrogen ion: Aqueous H + 0 Hydroxide ion: Aqueous OH −: −230 Hydrogen peroxide: Liquid H 2 O 2: −187.8 Phosphoric acid: Liquid H 3 PO 4: −1288 Hydrogen cyanide: Gas HCN 130.5 Hydrogen bromide: Liquid HBr −36.3 Hydrogen chloride: Gas HCl −92.30 Hydrogen chloride: Aqueous HCl −167.2 Hydrogen fluoride: Gas HF ...
A mixture of ammonia gas and water vapor is introduced into a reactor that contains a saturated solution of ammonium sulfate and about 2% to 4% of free sulfuric acid at 60 °C. Concentrated sulfuric acid is added to keep the solution acidic, and to retain its level of free acid. The heat of reaction keeps reactor temperature at 60 °C.
Ammonium is a modified form of ammonia that has an extra hydrogen atom. It is a positively charged molecular ion with the chemical formula NH + 4 or [NH 4] +.It is formed by the addition of a proton (a hydrogen nucleus) to ammonia (NH 3).
In 1959, Shull and Hall [4] advocated atomic units based on Hartree's model but again chose to use as the defining unit. They explicitly named the distance unit a "Bohr radius"; in addition, they wrote the unit of energy as = / and called it a Hartree. These terms came to be used widely in quantum chemistry.