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Polymetallic nodules, also called manganese nodules, are mineral concretions on the sea bottom formed of concentric layers of iron and manganese hydroxides around a core. As nodules can be found in vast quantities, and contain valuable metals, deposits have been identified as a potential economic interest. [ 1 ]
Nodule is also used for widely scattered concretionary lumps of manganese, cobalt, iron, and nickel found on the floors of the world's oceans. This is especially true of manganese nodules. Manganese and phosphorite nodules form on the seafloor and are syndepositional in origin. Thus, technically speaking, they are concretions instead of nodules ...
An abundant resource of manganese in the form of manganese nodules found on the ocean floor. [65] These nodules, which are composed of 29% manganese, [ 66 ] are located along the ocean floor . The environmental impacts of nodule collection are of interest.
Polymetallic nodules found in the seafloor in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone, such as the one seen here, are rich in manganese, copper, cobalt and nickel.
There is an important distinction to draw between concretions and nodules. Concretions are formed from mineral precipitation around some kind of nucleus while a nodule is a replacement body. Descriptions dating from the 18th century attest to the fact that concretions have long been regarded as geological curiosities.
Polymetallic nodules on the deep seabed in the CCZ Example of manganese nodule that can be found on the sea floor. Polymetallic nodules are found at depths of 4–6 km (2.5–3.7 mi) in all major oceans, but also in shallow waters like the Baltic Sea and in freshwater lakes. [23] [24] They are the most readily minable type of deep sea ore. [25]
The CCZ is regularly considered for deep-sea mining due to the abundant presence of manganese nodules. The CCZ extends around 4,500 miles (7,240 km) East to West [4] and spans approximately 4,500,000 square kilometres (1,700,000 sq mi). [5] The fractures themselves are unusually mountainous topographical features.
Move over, Wordle, Connections and Mini Crossword—there's a new NYT word game in town! The New York Times' recent game, "Strands," is becoming more and more popular as another daily activity ...
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