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Barra da Tijuca – Rio de Janeiro. Breakwaters reduce the intensity of wave action in inshore waters and thereby provide safe harbourage. Breakwaters may also be small structures designed to protect a gently sloping beach to reduce coastal erosion; they are placed 100–300 feet (30–90 m) offshore in relatively shallow water.
Named after California Governor Edmund Gerald "Pat" Brown Sr., the over 400-mile (640 km) aqueduct is the principal feature of the California State Water Project. The aqueduct begins at the Clifton Court Forebay at the southwestern corner of the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta.
The project is estimated to cost $3.9 billion and is funded by local, state, and federal public dollars. [1] In 2018, the project was awarded $816 million in funding from California’s Proposition 1 water bond, and secured a $449 million investment from the United States Department of Agriculture.
The county’s decision to install a breakwater on a beachfront parcel in Highland Beach has become a $600,000 mistake. Illegal breakwater installation in Highland Beach to cost PBC taxpayers more ...
There are about 1,600 miles (2,600 km) of project levees as well as many pumps, canals, sloughs, bypasses and other flood protection structures which became the responsibility of the State of California in 1960. [5] In total, there are around 13,000 miles (21,000 km) of levees (if the non-project levees are included) in the State of California. [6]
The middle breakwater began construction in 1932. [13] The 2.5-mile eastern breakwater, also known as the Long Beach Breakwater, was constructed between 1941 and 1949. [13] [14] Building one of the breakwaters, 1937. The western and middle breakwaters provided the ports considerable protection in the 1939 California tropical storm.
California water officials have estimated that the total costs of drinking water solutions for communities statewide amount to $11.5 billion over the next five years.
The disparity of costs to the project's various constituents has been a frequent source of controversy. Although the overall average cost of SWP water is $147 per acre-foot ($119 per 1,000 m 3), agricultural users pay far less than their urban counterparts for SWP water.