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Autism spectrum disorder [a] (ASD), or simply autism, is a neurodevelopmental disorder "characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts" and "restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities". [11] Sensory abnormalities are also included in the diagnostic manuals ...
A 2015 systematic review and meta-analysis found that children with a family history of autoimmune diseases were at a greater risk of autism compared to children without such a history. [ 107 ] When an underlying maternal autoimmune disease is present, antibodies circulating to the fetus could contribute to the development of autism spectrum ...
The scholars highlight the literary malapropism, [29] but some in the medical community have adopted the term regardless, and peer-reviewed medical journals still sometimes mention the Lady Windermere syndrome, although it is increasingly viewed as a outdated and sexist term for a serious bacterial infection.
As with many neurodivergent people and conditions, the popular image of autistic people and autism itself is often based on inaccurate media representations. [2] Additionally, media about autism may promote pseudoscience such as vaccine denial or facilitated communication.
Concerns about thiomersal and vaccines are commonly expressed by anti-vaccine activists. Claims relating to the safety of thiomersal, a mercury-based preservative used in vaccines, are refuted, but still subject to fearmongering, notably claims it could cause neurological disorders such as autism, leading to its removal from most vaccines in the US childhood schedule. [1]
For people who currently have a medical condition (e.g.: pregnancy) or a mental disorder (e.g.: autism spectrum), the action of eating non-nutritive nonfoods should only be considered pica if it is dangerous and requires extra medical investigation or treatment on top of what they are already receiving for their pre-existing condition. [3]
Disorders formerly considered distinct, but now diagnosed as autism spectrum disorder, include: Asperger syndrome – a previously diagnosed form of autism often applied to people with a higher IQ who can have a less difficult time communicating with others and understanding concepts or phrases than other individuals with more severe autism. As ...
Among these measurements, the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) are considered the "gold standards" for assessing autistic children. [ 24 ] [ 25 ] The ADI-R is a semi-structured parent interview that probes for symptoms of autism by evaluating a child's current behavior and ...