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Autism spectrum disorder [a] (ASD), or simply autism, is a neurodevelopmental disorder "characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts" and "restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities". [11]
As with many neurodivergent people and conditions, the popular image of autistic people and autism itself is often based on inaccurate media representations. [2] Additionally, media about autism may promote pseudoscience such as vaccine denial or facilitated communication.
A common presentation of sleep apnea in children with autism is insomnia. [67] All known genetic syndromes which are linked to autism have a high prevalence of sleep apnea. The prevalence of sleep apnea in Down's Syndrome is 50% - 100%. [68] Sleep problems and OSA in this population have been linked to language development. [69]
Bacteria, viruses, and other organisms are able to be passed from mother to child. Several vertically transmitted infections are included in the TORCH complex: [2] T – toxoplasmosis from Toxoplasma gondii; O – other infections (see below) R – rubella; C – cytomegalovirus; H – herpes simplex virus-2 or neonatal herpes simplex
Folk epidemiology of autism refers to the popular beliefs about the origin of autism. [43] Without direct informed knowledge of autism, a complex disorder, members of the public are easily influenced by rumors and misinformation presented in the mass media and repeated on social media and the internet. [43] [58]
The idea of a link between parasite infection and immune disorders was first suggested in 1968 [13] before the advent of large scale DNA sequencing techniques.The original formulation of the hygiene hypothesis dates from 1989, when David Strachan proposed that lower incidence of infection in early childhood could be an explanation for the rise in allergic diseases such as asthma and hay fever ...
Autism rights movement (ARM) – (a subset of the neurodiversity movement, also known as the anti-cure movement or autistic culture movement) is a social movement that encourages autistic people, their caregivers and society to adopt a position of neurodiversity, accepting autism as a variation in functioning rather than a mental disorder to be ...
Autism was found to occur more often in families of physicists, engineers and scientists. 12.5% of the fathers and 21.2% of the grandfathers (both paternal and maternal) of children with autism were engineers, compared to 5% of the fathers and 2.5% of the grandfathers of children with other syndromes. [47] Other studies have yielded similar ...