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Tungiasis is an inflammatory skin disease caused by infection with the female ectoparasitic Tunga penetrans, a flea also known as the chigoe, chigo, chigoe flea, chigo flea, jigger, nigua, sand flea, or burrowing flea (and not to be confused with the chigger, a different arthropod).
The most infamous flea-to-human transmitted disease is the bubonic plague, which was caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis.
Arthropods are common vectors of disease.A vector is an organism which spreads disease-causing parasites or pathogens from one host to another. Invertebrates spread bacterial, viral and protozoan pathogens by two main mechanisms.
Without a host to provide a blood meal, a flea's life can be as short as a few days. Under ideal conditions of temperature, food supply, and humidity, adult fleas can live for up to a year and a half. [16] Completely developed adult fleas can live for several months without eating, so long as they do not emerge from their puparia. Optimum ...
By stage 2 (days 1–2), penetration is complete and the flea has burrowed most of its body into the skin. Only the anus, the copulatory organs, and four rear air holes in fleas called stigmata remain on the outside of the epidermis. The anus will excrete feces that is thought to attract male fleas for mating, described in a later section.
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It can also be an intermediate host for the flea tapeworm cestode Dipylidium caninum. Fleas can spread rapidly and move between areas to include eyebrows, eyelashes, and pubic regions. Hair loss as a result of itching is common, especially in wild and domestic animals. Anemia is also possible in extreme cases of high-volume infestations.
Septicemic plague; Other names: Septicaemic plague: Septicemic plague resulting in necrosis: Specialty: Infectious diseases : Symptoms: DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation) which causes : tissue death due to lack of circulation/perfusion to that tissue, bleeding into the skin and other organs, which can cause red and/or black patchy rash and hemoptysis/hermatemesis