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Cycads have been reported to fix nitrogen in association with various cyanobacteria living in the roots (the "coralloid" roots). [4] These photosynthetic bacteria produce a neurotoxin called BMAA that is found in the seeds of cycads. This neurotoxin may enter a human food chain as the cycad seeds may be eaten directly as a source of flour by ...
The male cycad develops 1 to 5 male cones, each cone measuring 12 cm to 28 cm in length and 4 cm to 7 cm in diameter. These cones are fusiform but curve with age and remain green throughout its lifetime. The female cycad develops 1 to 3 female cones, each cone measuring 25 cm to 40 cm in length and 10 cm to 15 cm in diameter. The female cone ...
Lepidozamia peroffskyana is a palm-like cycad in the Cardboard Palm Family Zamiaceae. It is endemic to eastern Australia , primarily near the coast of New South Wales . The species is named after Count Peroffsky (1794-1857), benefactor of the St. Petersburg Botanical Garden .
This species is dioecious, with male plants bearing 1 to 5 cylindrical-fusiform cones, 30-40 cm long and 9-10 cm wide, in yellow to brown hues. Female plants produce 1-5 cylindrical cones, 20-30 cm long and 10-15 cm wide, in a light yellow color. The seeds are roughly oval-shaped, 2.5-3.5 cm long, and covered with a yellow-orange sarcotesta. [4]
Like other cycads, Z. pumila is dioecious, having male or female plants. The male cones are cylindrical, growing to 3–15 cm long; they are often clustered. The female cones are elongate-ovoid and grow to 6–15 cm long and 4–6 cm in diameter. Pollination is done by certain insects, namely the cycad weevil Rhopalotria slossoni.
Encephalartos afer, [4] commonly known as the Eastern Cape dwarf cycad, is a species of cycad in the genus Encephalartos. It is a near threatened species native to South Africa . Description
They have broad, rhombic-shaped microsporophylls. The female cones are ovoid, green, and larger, measuring 15–35 cm long and 8–15 cm in diameter. Their macrosporophylls have a warty surface. The seeds are oblong, 20–30 mm long, 18–23 mm wide, and covered by a red sarcotesta. [4]
Some cycads, such as this Macrozamia communis, produce seeds with a sarcotesta. The sarcotesta is a fleshy seedcoat, [1] a type of testa. Examples of seeds with a sarcotesta are pomegranate and some cycad seeds. The sarcotesta of pomegranate seeds consists of epidermal cells derived from the integument, and there are no arils on these seeds. [2]