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In both cases, the mathematical theory can be developed for continuous time, which is then, if desired for the use in computer simulations, transformed into a discrete-time model. The relation of noise in neuron models to the variability of spike trains and neural codes is discussed in Neural Coding and in Chapter 7 of the textbook Neuronal ...
Central pattern generators also contribute to locomotion in humans. In 1994, Calancie, et al. described the "first well-defined example of a central rhythm generator for stepping in the adult human." The subject was a 37-year-old male who suffered an injury to the cervical spinal cord 17 years prior.
An artificial neural network (ANN) combines biological principles with advanced statistics to solve problems in domains such as pattern recognition and game-play. ANNs adopt the basic model of neuron analogues connected to each other in a variety of ways.
Spreading activation is a method for searching associative networks, biological and artificial neural networks, or semantic networks. [1] The search process is initiated by labeling a set of source nodes (e.g. concepts in a semantic network) with weights or "activation" and then iteratively propagating or "spreading" that activation out to other nodes linked to the source nodes.
However, this definition and theory of biological basis is not universally accepted. There are many conflicting theories of personality in the fields of psychology, psychiatry, philosophy, and neuroscience. A few examples of this are the nature vs. nurture debate and how the idea of a 'soul' fits into biological theories of personality. [1]
A biological neural network is composed of a group of chemically connected or functionally associated neurons. [2] A single neuron may be connected to many other neurons and the total number of neurons and connections in a network may be extensive.
Trace of modeled oxytocin-sensitive neuron showing bursts [dubious – discuss]. Bursting, or burst firing, is an extremely diverse [1] general phenomenon of the activation patterns of neurons in the central nervous system [2] [3] and spinal cord [4] where periods of rapid action potential spiking are followed by quiescent periods much longer than typical inter-spike intervals.
The motivation for a dynamical approach to neuroscience stems from an interest in the physical complexity of neuron behavior. As an example, consider the coupled interaction between a neuron's membrane potential and the activation of ion channels throughout the neuron. As the membrane potential of a neuron increases sufficiently, channels in ...