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Christopher Columbus [b] (/ k ə ˈ l ʌ m b ə s /; [2] between 25 August and 31 October 1451 – 20 May 1506) was an Italian [3] [c] explorer and navigator from the Republic of Genoa [3] [4] who completed four Spanish-based voyages across the Atlantic Ocean sponsored by the Catholic Monarchs, opening the way for the widespread European exploration and colonization of the Americas.
The Capitulations of Santa Fe, between Christopher Columbus and the Catholic Monarchs Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon, signed in Santa Fe, Granada on April 17, 1492, granted Columbus, among other things, the tenth part of all riches to be obtained from his intended voyage. [1]
In 1500, during his third voyage, Columbus was arrested by a royal commissioner and brought back to Spain in chains. Spanish royalty accused him of mismanaging the colony Hispaniola, but he was ...
October 1 – Christopher Columbus and his brothers, arrested and in chains, are deported from Santo Domingo to Spain. [23] October 22 – Nasir-ud-Din Shah overthrows the government of his father, Ghiyath Shah, ruler of the Malwa Sultanate (located in much of what is now the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh) for the last 31 years. [24]
Christopher Columbus discovered the New World for the Kingdom of Castile and Leon in 1492. Private adventurers thereafter entered into contracts with the Spanish Crown to conquer the newly discovered lands in return for tax revenues and the power to rule. [17] The Spanish founded Santo Domingo on the Caribbean island of Hispaniola in the 1490s ...
The fourth voyage of Columbus was a Spanish maritime expedition in 1502–1504 to the western Caribbean Sea led by Christopher Columbus.The voyage, Columbus's last, failed to find a western maritime route to the Far East, returned relatively little profit, and resulted in the loss of many crew men, all the fleet's ships, and a year-long marooning in Jamaica.
Columbus named the island Santiago and used it as a mini-state for his family. [7] He explored the south coast of Juana before returning to Hispaniola on August 20. After staying for a time on the western end, present-day Haiti, he finally returned to Spain. [8] Columbus returned to Jamaica during his fourth voyage to the Americas.
The publication of the book was followed by the protracted legal battles between Columbus's family and the Spanish crown, known as the pleitos colombinos. The book also contains a document in which Columbus refers to the New World as the Indias Occidentales (' West Indies '), which he says "were unknown to all the world", seeming to imply that ...