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At the dawn of the 21st century, NASA crafted four potential pathways to Mars human missions, [78] of which three included a Mars sample return as a prerequisite to human landing. [ 78 ] The rover Perseverance , which landed on Mars in 2021, is equipped with a device that allows it to collect rock samples to be returned at a later date by ...
Artist's conception of a human mission on the surface of Mars. 1989 painting by Les Bossinas of NASA's Lewis Research Center. A Space Launch System design in the 2010s. This rocket is envisioned as the launch vehicle for some of the latest NASA speculative long-term plans for Mars concepts, although there are some bold private venture plans that may also provide mass-to-orbit for any mission ...
Mission to Mars: My Vision for Space Exploration; Mars Base Camp; Mars Design Reference Mission; Mars Direct; Mars Excursion Module; Mars Institute; Mars One; Mars orbit rendezvous; Mars Piloted Orbital Station; The Mars Project; Mars Society; Mars to Stay; MARS-500; Martian Piloted Complex
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Because of the proximity of the Mars moons to Mars, any mission to them may also be considered a mission to Mars from some perspectives. Past missions Three missions to land on Phobos have been launched; the Soviet Phobos program in the late 1980s saw the launch of Phobos 1 and Phobos 2 , while the Russian Fobos-Grunt sample return mission was ...
Human missions to Mars could be at risk after new research revealed that long-duration space travel can impact the structure of astronauts’ kidneys.. Samples from more than 40 space missions ...
The program's stated long-term goal is to establish a permanent base on the Moon to facilitate human missions to Mars. Two principal elements of the Artemis program are derived from the now-cancelled Constellation program : the Orion spacecraft and the Space Launch System (SLS) (as a reincarnation of Ares V ).
Gateway-Gateway is central to the NASA-led Artemis missions to return to the Moon for scientific discovery and chart a path for the first human missions to Mars and beyond. The small space station will be a multi-purpose outpost supporting lunar surface missions, science in lunar orbit, and human exploration further into the cosmos.