Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
The graviton must be a spin-2 boson because the source of gravitation is the stress–energy tensor, a second-order tensor (compared with electromagnetism's spin-1 photon, the source of which is the four-current, a first-order tensor). Additionally, it can be shown that any massless spin-2 field would give rise to a force indistinguishable from ...
Gravitation also explains astronomical phenomena on more modest scales, such as planetary orbits, as well as everyday experience: objects fall; heavy objects act as if they were glued to the ground, and animals can only jump so high. Gravitation was the first interaction to be described mathematically.
Most of the mass of a proton or neutron is the result of the strong interaction energy; the individual quarks provide only about 1% of the mass of a proton. At the range of 10 −15 m (1 femtometer , slightly more than the radius of a nucleon ), the strong force is approximately 100 times as strong as electromagnetism , 10 6 times as strong as ...
[1] [2] [3] This is a general physical law derived from empirical observations by what Isaac Newton called inductive reasoning. [4] It is a part of classical mechanics and was formulated in Newton's work Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica ("the Principia"), first published on 5 July 1687. The equation for universal gravitation thus ...
[1] Nuclear matter is an idealized system of interacting nucleons ( protons and neutrons ) that exists in several phases of exotic matter that, as of yet, are not fully established. [ 2 ] It is not matter in an atomic nucleus , but a hypothetical substance consisting of a huge number of protons and neutrons held together by only nuclear forces ...
If the nucleus is assumed to be spherically symmetric, an approximate relationship between nuclear radius and mass number arises above A=40 from the formula R=R o A 1/3 with R o = 1.2 ± 0.2 fm. [6] R is the predicted spherical nuclear radius, A is the mass number, and R o is a constant determined by experimental data.
An example of this theory was proposed by H. Dehnen and H. Frommert 1991, parting from the nature of Higgs field interacting gravitational- and Yukawa (long-ranged)-like with the particles that get mass through it. [7] [8] [9] The Watt–Misner theory (1999) is a recent example of a scalar theory of gravitation. It is not intended as a viable ...
In classical mechanics, a gravitational field is a physical quantity. [5] A gravitational field can be defined using Newton's law of universal gravitation.Determined in this way, the gravitational field g around a single particle of mass M is a vector field consisting at every point of a vector pointing directly towards the particle.