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A polar diagram, or polar plot, is a graph that shows a sailboat's potential speed over a range of wind speeds and relative wind angles. [1] It normally consists of the right side of a line chart with the radius representing the yacht speed and the angle representing the wind direction blowing from top to bottom. Several lines are normally ...
When estimating wind loads on structures the terrains may be described as suburban or dense urban, for which the ranges are typically 0.1-0.5 m and 1-5 m respectively. [ 2 ] In order to estimate the mean wind speed at one height ( z 2 {\displaystyle {{z}_{2}}} ) based on that at another ( z 1 {\displaystyle {{z}_{1}}} ), the formula would be ...
Note that by convention wind direction is given as the direction the wind is from. In a vector diagram such as the wind triangle, wind direction must be stated as the direction the wind is blowing to, or 180 degrees different from the convention. The ground vector represents the motion of the aircraft over the ground. It is described by ground ...
The direction that the craft is traveling with respect to the "true wind" (the wind direction and speed over the surface) is called the point of sail. The speed of the craft at a given point of sail contributes to the "apparent wind"—the wind speed and direction as measured on the moving
The difference is known as the drift, and can be determined by the wind triangle. At least seven ways to measure the heading of a vehicle have been described. [1] Heading is typically based on cardinal directions, so 0° (or 360°) indicates a direction toward true north, 90° true east, 180° true south, and 270° true west. [1]
Roughness length is a parameter of some vertical wind profile equations that model the horizontal mean wind speed near the ground. In the log wind profile, it is equivalent to the height at which the wind speed theoretically becomes zero in the absence of wind-slowing obstacles and under neutral conditions. In reality, the wind at this height ...
The station model uses a wind barb to show both wind direction and speed. The wind barb shows the speed using "flags" on the end. Each half of a flag depicts 5 kn (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph) Each full flag depicts 10 kn (19 km/h; 12 mph) Each pennant (filled triangle) depicts 50 kn (93 km/h; 58 mph) [4] Winds are depicted as blowing from the direction ...
The power law is often used in wind power assessments [4] [5] where wind speeds at the height of a turbine ( 50 metres) must be estimated from near surface wind observations (~10 metres), or where wind speed data at various heights must be adjusted to a standard height [6] prior to use.