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Mantle ("The Paracas Textile"), 100-300 C.E. Cotton, camelid fiber, textile: Brooklyn Museum Detail of one shaman showing knife and head. The Paracas textiles were found at a necropolis in Peru in the 1920s. The necropolis held 420 bodies who had been mummified and wrapped in embroidered textiles of the Paracas culture in 200–300 BCE. [1]
The Andean textile tradition once spanned from the Pre-Columbian to the Colonial era throughout the western coast of South America, but was mainly concentrated in what is now Peru. The arid desert conditions along the coast of Peru have allowed for the preservation of these dyed textiles, which can date to 6000 years old. [ 1 ]
The late Paracas phase (380–260 BCE) was linked with the homogenization of Paracas ceramics and the influx of people visiting the huacas in the southern coast of Peru. [7] This period involved the growing presence of the "Oculate Being," a creature that was a major part of the Inca valley.
As previously mentioned, fragments of rope and textiles dating back between 12,100 and 11,080 years ago have been unearthed from Guitarrero Cave in Peru. [3] Because of the extremely dry conditions of the desert sands, twined textiles from the Norte Chico civilization in Peru have survived, dating back to 2500-1800 BCE. [5]
Pukara pottery and textiles are found widely in the middle Andean, and the coastal Pacific valleys, reaching into Peru and Chile. [1] Within the ceramic timeline of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas, the Classic Pukara Style is estimated to have peaked around 200 BCE, through 200 CE.
The settlements in Lauri, Lumbra, Tambo Blanco, Handrail, Pisquillo Chico and Tronconal focused mainly on artisans producing large-scale ceramics and textiles. The Chancay culture is the first of the Peruvian cultures that had mass production of ceramics, textiles and metals such as gold and silver which were ritualistic and domestic goods.
While people of this time period worked in a wide range of materials, perishable materials, such as plant fibers or hides, had seldom been preserved through the millennia. Indigenous peoples created bannerstones , Projectile point , Lithic reduction styles, and pictographic cave paintings, some of which have survived in the present.
This fish-shaped textile, a complete weaving with 33 finished edges, was stitched with others like it to a mantle, a shawl-like garment that was a staple of ancient Andean wardrobe. The partial “x-ray view,” which emphasizes the bony white teeth and spine, is unique to the style of the Ychsma ( yeach- mah), who lived on Peru’s central coast.