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A major polycarbonate market is the production of compact discs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs. [13] These discs are produced by injection-molding polycarbonate into a mold cavity that has on one side a metal stamper containing a negative image of the disc data, while the other mold side is a mirrored surface.
The process can be divided into four stages: Initiation the process of generating the initial free radical. Propagation the conversion of one active species to another Chain branching steps which end with more than one active species being produced. The photolysis of hydroperoxides is the main example.
Simplified diagram of the process Injection moulding (U.S. spelling: injection molding ) is a manufacturing process for producing parts by injecting molten material into a mould, or mold . Injection moulding can be performed with a host of materials mainly including metals (for which the process is called die-casting ), glasses , elastomers ...
A process flow diagram (PFD) is a diagram commonly used in chemical and process engineering to indicate the general flow of plant processes and equipment. The PFD displays the relationship between major equipment of a plant facility and does not show minor details such as piping details and designations.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 28 January 2025. Manufacturing processes This section does not cite any sources.
PVD process flow diagram. Physical vapor deposition (PVD), sometimes called physical vapor transport (PVT), describes a variety of vacuum deposition methods which can be used to produce thin films and coatings on substrates including metals, ceramics, glass, and polymers. PVD is characterized by a process in which the material transitions from ...
The above mechanism considered crystallization from the melt, which is important for injection molding of plastic components. Another type of crystallization occurs upon extrusion used in making fibers and films. In this process, the polymer is forced through, e.g., a nozzle that creates tensile stress which partially aligns its molecules. Such ...
Very common. All examples form a coating between the plastic and machine parts during production. Reduces pressure and power usage in the extruder. Reduces imperfections. 2% Light stabilizers: 0.05–3: Protects against UV damage: HALS, UV blockers and quenchers: Normally only used for items intended for outdoor use: 1% Other: Various