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Female genital mutilation (FGM) (also known as female genital cutting, female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) and female circumcision [a]) is the cutting or removal of some or all of the vulva for non-medical reasons. FGM prevalence varies worldwide, but is majorly present in some countries of Africa, Asia and Middle East, and within their ...
Female genital mutilation (FGM), also known as female genital cutting (FGC), female circumcision, or female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C), refers to "all procedures involving partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or other surgery of the female genital organs whether for cultural, religious or other non-therapeutic reasons."
[2] [3] The procedure frequently occurs at the age of seven and involves "all procedures involving partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs.". [1] [4] The process is typically performed by a traditional practitioner using a knife or a blade and can range from Type I to Type IV.
Doctors would either remove the smegma surrounding the clitoris, lacerate adhesions restricting the clitoris, or remove the clitoral hood altogether (female circumcision). [4] In the most extreme cases, doctors would perform a clitoridectomy, removing the clitoris entirely. [4] Reflex neurosis was a common diagnosis in the 19th century. [4]
The most common FGM procedure in Sudan is Type III, also known as "pharaonic circumcision" and referred to in surveys as "sewn closed". [4] This involves removal of the inner and/or outer labia, with or without removal of the clitoral glans, and fusion of the wound, leaving a small hole for the passage of urine and menstrual blood. [5]
Circumcision being performed in Central Asia, c. 1865–1872. Restored albumen print.. The Quran itself does not mention circumcision explicitly in any verse. [1] [4] [2] [7] In the time of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, both male and female circumcision were carried out by Pagan Arabian tribes, [1] [2] [7] and male circumcision was performed by the Jewish tribes of Arabia for religious reasons.
The World Health Organization refers to female infibulation as Type III female genital mutilation. [2] Often called "pharaonic circumcision" (or farooni ) [ 3 ] in countries where it is practiced. It refers to the removal of the inner and outer labia and the suturing of the vulva .
Actor Melusi Yeni became the 1 millionth VMMC against HIV/AIDS transmission in the province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. [29]There is a consensus among the world's major medical organizations and in the academic literature that circumcision is an efficacious intervention for HIV prevention in high-risk populations if carried out by medical professionals under safe conditions.