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Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun.The surface of Mars is orange-red because it is covered in iron(III) oxide dust, giving it the nickname "the Red Planet". [22] [23] Mars is among the brightest objects in Earth's sky, and its high-contrast albedo features have made it a common subject for telescope viewing.
An 1877 map of Mars by Giovanni Schiaparelli. North is at the top of this map. In most maps of Mars drawn before space exploration the convention among astronomers was to put south at the top because the telescopic image of a planet is inverted.
Named after the Roman god of war, it is often referred to as the "Red Planet" [1] [2] because the iron oxide prevalent on its surface gives it a reddish appearance. Mars is a terrestrial planet with a thin atmosphere , having surface features reminiscent both of the impact craters of the Moon and the valleys, deserts, and polar ice caps of Earth .
Ore resources on Mars – Ore deposits on Mars that may be useful to future colonists; Outflow channels – Long, wide swathes of scoured ground on Mars; Valley network (Mars) – Branching networks of valleys on Mars; Vallis – Valley landform on other planets; Water on Mars – Study of past and present water on Mars
Cydonia (/ s ɪ ˈ d oʊ n i ə /, / s aɪ ˈ d oʊ n i ə /) is a region on the planet Mars that has attracted both scientific [1] and popular interest. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The name originally referred to the albedo feature (distinctively coloured area) that was visible from earthbound telescopes .
In the 2011 novel The Martian by Andy Weir, and the 2015 feature film adapted from it, Schiaparelli is the landing site for Ares 4, the fourth crewed mission to Mars. The protagonist, Mark Watney, an astronaut from Ares 3 who is stranded on Mars, must travel from Acidalia Planitia to Schiaparelli, a journey of 3,200 kilometres (2,000 mi).
The mission studied the entire Martian surface, atmosphere, and interior, and returned more data about the red planet than all previous Mars missions combined. The data has been archived and remains available publicly. [75] A color-coded elevation map produced from data collected by Mars Global Surveyor indicating the result of floods on Mars
The maps below were produced by the Mars Global Surveyor ' s Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter; redder colors indicate higher elevations.The maps of the equatorial quadrangles use a Mercator projection, while those of the mid-latitude quadrangles use a Lambert conformal conic projection, and the maps of the polar quadrangles use a polar stereographic projection.