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Pollen and nectar from flowers Other insects as larvae, sugary liquids such as nectar as adults Other insects, overripe fruit, sugary drinks, human food and food waste, meat [f] Other insects as larvae, sugary liquids such as nectar as adults Sting Barbed. Kills bee; [g] continues pumping. Smooth; can repeat. Retracts. Sting Pain [3] 2 2
The evolution from solitary flowers to the production of inflorescences is also thought to be influenced by pollinator behaviour. Clusters of flowers may increase the visitation rates of pollinators. It may also reduce the risk of damage to individual flowers. [13] The production of volatile chemicals by flowers is targeted towards insects.
Plants fall into pollination syndromes that reflect the type of pollinator being attracted. These are characteristics such as: overall flower size, the depth and width of the corolla, the color (including patterns called nectar guides that are visible only in ultraviolet light), the scent, amount of nectar, composition of nectar, etc. [2] For example, birds visit red flowers with long, narrow ...
In general, flower heliotropism could increase reproductive success by increasing pollination, fertilization success, and/or seed development, [9] especially in the spring flowers. Some solar tracking plants are not purely heliotropic: in those plants the change of orientation is an innate circadian motion triggered by light, which continues ...
Self-pollination occurs when pollen from one flower pollinates the same flower or other flowers of the same individual. [45] It is thought to have evolved under conditions when pollinators were not reliable vectors for pollen transport, and is most often seen in short-lived annual species and plants that colonize new locations. [ 46 ]
The word "flora" comes from the Latin name of Flora, the goddess of plants, flowers, and fertility in Roman mythology. [5] [6] The technical term "flora" is then derived from a metonymy of this goddess at the end of the sixteenth century. It was first used in poetry to denote the natural vegetation of an area, but soon also assumed the meaning ...
[10] [page needed] Many compounds are derived from the main food source of insect larvae, and occasionally adults, feed, whereas other insects are able to synthesize their own toxins. [2] In reflex bleeding, insects dispel their blood, hemolymph, or a mixture of exocrine secretions and blood as a defensive maneuver. As previously mentioned, the ...
Viburnum lesquereuxii leaf with insect damage; Dakota Sandstone (Cretaceous) of Ellsworth County, Kansas. Scale bar is 10 mm. Knowledge of herbivory in geological time comes from three sources: fossilized plants, which may preserve evidence of defense (such as spines) or herbivory-related damage; the observation of plant debris in fossilised animal feces; and the structure of herbivore mouthparts.